JA-Department of Psychology

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Open Access
The Prevalence of Complicated Grief Among Children Who Have Lost Loved Ones in Selected Public Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya
(EdinBurg Peer Reviewed Journals and Books Publishers Journal of Sociology, Psychology & Religious Studies, 2024-06) Omucheni, Priscillah Ndunge; Mwenje, Margaret; Kamunyu, Ruth
The inability of children to comprehend and process death due to factors like chronological age, attachment of the child to the deceased, nature of death, and family support, might lead to delayed or prolonged grief and consequently complicated grief (CG). Complicated grief in a child’s life can affect his/her social and cognitive functioning manifesting in antisocial behaviours. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of complicated grief among children who had lost loved ones in selected public primary schools in Nairobi County. This study was guided by Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory. Multistage sampling, purposive sampling, inclusion, and exclusion criteria were used to select 259 pupils aged 10-13 years who had lost a loved one in the last year. Purposive sampling was also used to select 22 class teachers of the bereaved pupils who participated in the study. The study employed a convergent mixed-method design. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires (SDQ, ICG, and STAB) and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 25.0. The findings indicated that the prevalence of complicated grief was 26.1%. The study concluded that complicated grief was prevalent among children who had lost a loved one. Therefore, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education introduce a school-based counseling program incorporating grief intervention techniques in public primary schools. During grief, a child’s world changes unexpectedly from conversant, predictable, and safe, to chaotic and dreadful. Parents and caregivers are also implored to brace up and talk about death to children, and involve them during funeral preparations.
Open Access
Antisocial Behaviours that are More Prevalent Among Children with Complicated Grief in Selected Public Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya
(EdinBurg Peer Reviewed Journals and Books Publishers Journal of Sociology, Psychology & Religious Studies, 2024-06) Omucheni, Priscillah Ndunge; Mwenje, Margaret; Kamunyu, Ruth
The inability of children to comprehend and process death due to factors like chronological age, attachment of the child to the deceased, nature of death, and family support, might lead to delayed or prolonged grief processes resulting in complicated grief (CG). Complicated grief in a child’s life can affect his/her social and cognitive functioning manifesting in antisocial behaviours. This study aimed to find out antisocial behaviours that are more prevalent among children with complicated grief in selected public primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was guided by Attachment Theory. Multistage sampling, purposive sampling, inclusion, and exclusion criteria were used to select 259 pupils aged 10-13 years who had lost a loved one in the last year. Purposive sampling was also used to select 22 class teachers of the bereaved pupils who participated in the study. The study employed a convergent mixed-method design. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires (SDQ, ICG, and STAB) and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 25.0. The findings indicated that the most prevalent antisocial behaviour was social aggression with an aggregated mean of 3.01. The findings indicated that antisocial behaviours were common among children with CG as well as those without. The most prevalent antisocial behaviour among children who had lost a loved one was social aggression. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should introduce a school-based counseling program incorporating grief intervention techniques and recommend trained counselors who do not double up as teachers to be school counselors to negate dual relationships. Public Primary schools are encouraged to develop several training programs to help teachers understand how to intervene and foster resiliency in their students who have experienced grief.
Open Access
RETIREMENT TRANSITION PLANNING AND MARITAL SATISFACTION IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA: A REGRESSION ANALYSIS
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELLING (IJEPC), 2024-06-12) Njoroge, Sarah Wangare; Keya, Amos Alumada; Wambugu, Anne G.
An increase in grey divorce is being witnessed across the world. Lack of support from spouses during retirement transition can contribute to marital dissatisfaction, along with ineffective retirement planning due to limited resources and poor scheduling. Transitioning into retirement can lead to conflicts over living arrangements, financial management, and post-retirement activities, causing bitterness and tension within the marriage. This correlational study investigated the link between retirement transition planning and marital satisfaction among married individuals aged 50-70 in Kiambu County, Kenya. Data from 400 participants were collected using stratified random sampling. Retirement planning was assessed using the Process of Retirement Planning Scale (PRePS), while marital satisfaction was measured with the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI). Both scales demonstrated validity and reliability, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 25, involving exploratory analysis, correlation, and regression analysis tests. The study uncovered a positive correlation between marital satisfaction and different aspects of retirement planning such as financial preparation (p>.05, r =.094), self-efficacy (p<.05, r =.158), and perceived social support (p<.05, r =.358). Conversely, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between retirement planning anxiety and marital satisfaction (p<.05, r =-.274). Regression analysis demonstrated that collectively, the individual retirement planning variables accounted for a significant portion of the variances in marital satisfaction among the participants, R2 = 0.315, F(3), p < .05. Thus, interventions aimed at enhancing retirement planning can potentially improve marital relationships.
Open Access
Relationship between the Type of Retirement Transition and Marital Satisfaction in Kiambu County, Kenya
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS), 2024-05-07) Njoroge, Sarah Wangare; Alumada, Dr. Amos Keya; Wambugu, Dr. Anne G, PhD
Retirement experience is unique for each individual and affects family dynamics, including spouses and children. It is critical to consider aspects with negative implications for retirement transition, particularly intimacy and marital conflict resolution. The primary aim of this study was to describe the potential association between different types of retirement transitions and marital satisfaction levels among individuals residing in Kiambu County, Kenya, with a view to provide insights into the impact of retirement on marital relationships within a non-western context. A descriptive-correlational study investigated the relationship between retirement transition types and marital satisfaction among 400 married individuals who had been gainfully employed. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling to ensure gender balance and represent various age groups. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire featuring predetermined questions and Likert scales, assessing retirement transition types and marital satisfaction using the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 25 to perform cross-tabulation and descriptive statistics. Results showed that gradual transitions, especially full- time employment with a different employer, showed the highest percentage of respondents reporting high marital satisfaction. Conversely, abrupt transitions due to health issues had the lowest proportion of satisfied respondents. However, overall marital satisfaction remained consistently high regardless of post-retirement occupation, with some observable variations, underscoring the diverse pathways through which individuals navigate retirement and its implications for marital relationships. These findings underscore the complexity of retirement transitions and stress the importance of considering individual preferences and circumstances. Policymakers and therapists can utilize this understanding to make informed decisions regarding retirement planning and post-retirement engagements, aiming to enhance marital well-being in later life.Top of Form
Open Access
Gender differences in Holland
(IJERN, 2014-09-15) Gitonga, Ciriaka M.....[et al.].
This journal article is based on a research to test the influence of gender on the choice of a degree program. The results showed that gender was significantly correlated to the Holland personality types and the choice of degree programs. The results supports Holland’s theory that gender predicts the choice of a degree program.
Open Access
The omnipresent gendered career pathways for women and the role of career counsellors in Kenya
(IJSR, 2013-08-15) Gitonga, Ciriaka M.
Girls are socialised to grow knowing that their role is taking care of the families. The homemaking role continues to override women career aspirations among the Kenyan women. With emerging trends in the last three decades in Kenya, more girls have continued to access higher education with most studies showing that they still fall under the social sciences. Very few women enroll and complete training in science and technology fields at higher education. This paper examines the role of career counsellors in informing career decision-making process for girls to empower them to aspire fields in science fields, a Kenyan perspective.
Open Access
Marriage across cultures and its implications to the church: A survey of Christ is the answer Ministries, Kenya
(PAC University journal of arts and social sciences, 2016-01-01) Kibuthu, Isaac
Marriage across cultures is not fully accepted by many ethnic groups, even among those who have embraced Christianity. The research on which this paper is based investigated the trends of Christian marriages across cultures in terms of numbers, age at marriage, motivation and ethnic groups involved. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative design methods in data collection and analysis. The population comprised seven assemblies of Christ Is The Answer Ministries. The sample consisted of 247 respondents in marriage across cultures, seven senior pastors, seven pastors’ in-charge of Family Care and Enrichment Ministry and three couples in a focus group discussion. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that marriages across cultures are on the increase, the age at marriage for both men and women is increasing but the age difference is decreasing. Love for one another and a common faith in Christ were found to be the main motivations to marriage. The ethnic groups leading in marriage across cultures among men are Luo, Luhya, Kikuyu and Kamba while among women are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba and Kalenjin. The study recommends an improvement on keeping of marriage records and members’ contacts; creation of awareness among youth and parents on marriage across cultures as a way of preparing them for such unions and dealing with ethnic prejudice/stereotypes to enhance acceptability. It is further recommended that the Church address issues of ethnicity and marriage across cultures as part of its pulpit ministry.
Open Access
CONTRIBUTORS TO STUDENTS’ USE OF COUNSELLING SERVICES IN KENYAN UNIVERSITIES
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2010) Kamunyu, Ruth N.; Ndungo, Catherine; Wango, Geoffrey
Transition to university life can be stressful for all students. In mitigation, most universities including those in Kenya offer social support to students in form of counselling, financial assistance, health and academic support. Despite this it has been documented that only a minority of university students who experience psychological distress seek professional counselling. This paper looks at contributors to students’ use of counselling services in Kenyan universities. These are classified into four: the social and behavioural issues, academic issues, psychological issues and economic issues. The study applied descriptive survey research design guided by Person Centred and Social Learning Theories. Data was collected using questionnaires, in-depth interview schedules and Focus Group Discussions. The study findings indicate that both male and female students are faced with many counselling issues such as academic, psychological, social, personal, economic, health, physical, vocational and spiritual. It can be concluded that the threat to masculine ideology encourages males to have more positive attitude towards seeking help for academic issues and that female students seek social psychological counselling to help them gain understanding of root causes of their problems.
Open Access
REASONS WHY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DO NOT SEEK COUNSELLING SERVICES IN KENYA
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2010) Kamunyu, Ruth N.; Ndungo, Catherine; Wango, Geoffrey
Transition to university life can be stressful for all students. In mitigation, most universities in Kenya offer social support to students in form of counseling, financial assistance, health and academic support. Despite this it has been documented that only a minority of university students who experience psychological distress seek professional counseling (Khan and Williams, 2003, Raunic and Xenos, 2008) a situation that is the same in Kenya. According to university counselors, university students undergo tremendous stress from personal issues, academic pressure, career emphasis and social problems. Counseling is meant to provide linear paths for students to address their problems. However, some students are reluctant to seek help from counselors. This paper is a report on a study that sought to establish the reasons why university students in Kenya do not seek counseling services.
Open Access
Socio-cultural and gender issues in substance abuse in Kenya
(Association of third world studies-Kenyan chapter, 2004-11-01) Njoroge, Martin C.
In the global scene, today substance abuse is said to contribute to many social problems, including the break-up of family structures, decreased productivity, injuries and automobile accidents. Criminal activity is often the result of substance abuse or the desire of money to purchase drugs. There are many factors that lead members of a specific society to abuse drugs. These could be religious, curative, cultural, social or recreational. However, some questions do arise: are there any gender disparities in substance abuse? Are there socio-cultural factors that, for example, push a man to substance abuse and leave out a woman or vice versa? What socio-cultural and gender issues do children, adults and the elderly face that predispose them to substance abuse in Kenya? What does the current literature on substance abuse say as regards gender disparity in the field? In this paper, we purpose to address the problem of substance abuse in Kenya and discuss how socio-cultural and gender disparities interplay in pushing both male and female members of society into substance abuse den. There is also a review of literature on gender and substance abuse specifically highlighting any disparities in how society generally view men and women who abuse drugs. In our discussion, the term social denotes all that relates to human society while culture summates the total range of the inherited ideas, beliefs and knowledge which constitutes the shared basis of social action. In discussing gender issues, we take account of special pre-dispositions or strengths that come about because of being male or female.
Open Access
Pac University Journals of Arts and Social Sciences
(One Planet Publishing & Media Services Ltd, 2017) Njoroge, Martin C
Open Access
PREVALENCE OF COUNSELLING SERVICES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KENYA
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2010) Kamunyu, Ruth N.; Ndungo, Catherine; Wango, Geoffrey
Transition to university life can be stressful for all students. In mitigation, most universities both private and public, including those in Kenya offer social support to students in form of counselling, financial assistance, health and academic support. Despite this it has been documented that only a minority of university students who experience psychological distress seek professional counselling. This paper aimed at establishing the prevalence of counselling services among university students in Kenya. The study applied descriptive survey research design and guided by Person Centred and Social Learning Theories. Data was collected using questionnaires, in-depth interview schedules and Focus Group Discussions. Findings reveal that university students are faced with various life challenges such as academic, psychological, social, personal, economic, health, physical, vocational and spiritual. However, only 35% of students with issues in both private and public universities seek counselling services, either frequently or rarely, majority of which are females. The study recommends that university counsellors should initiate vigorous campaign to encourage male/female students to seek for counselling services.
Open Access
Current Alcohol Use and Mental Health of Adolescents Among Secondary School Students in Nakuru County, Kenya.
(Journal of special needs and disabilities studies, 2013-07) Oteyo, John S.; Mwenje, Margaret
Adolescents engage in behaviours that compromise their health and futurepotentials. However, these behaviours are preventable. The current study was designed to establish the association between current alcohol use and the mental health state of secondary school students in Nakuru County, Kenya. Multi-stage cluster, stratified proportionate and simple random samplingmethods were used to selectparticipating divisions (n=6), schools (n=14) and students (n=1000). Global School based Health Survey (GSHS) was used to collect data on health risk behaviours. Sixteen percent (n=161) of students reported use of alcohol 30 days prior to the survey and of these 23.6 (n=38) and 32.9% (n=53) reported a low state of mental health and had seriously considered attempting suicide.The study established that an alcohol drinker was 1.3 (95% C.I: 1.282-1.878) times likely to report a low state of mental health than an alcohol abstainer. A co-occurrence between adolescents' mental health and alcohol use provide an opportunity to draw together separate areas of research in designing a comprehensive approach that may promote better health and education outcomes in secondary schools.
Open Access
Effectiveness of School Counseling Programs on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Kiambu County, Kenya
(International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counselling, 2020-06) Gachenia, Lucy; Mwenje, Margaret
The school counseling program is meant to assist students to deal with psycho-social and behavioral challenges, which normally affect their academic performance. In order to achieve this goal, the Kenyan government has previously committed resources towards establishing counseling programs in schools. The aim of this study was to establish how effective these counseling programs are in assisting secondary school learners in Kiambu County to achieve academically. Primary data was derived from 80 high school adolescents, 8 counselors, and 8 academic Dean of Students who were purposively sampled from 8 schools that were randomly selected. The study was qualitatively done, and self-determination theory was used to guide the study. Data were analyzed for the identification of counseling programme characteristics and student improvement indices. These were presented in tables, charts, frequencies, and percentages based on the responses from the respondents. Further, a correlation between the two variables of the study was examined. Findings depicted that 65.7% of the students sampled said that counseling services offered at school satisfied their needs, 74.3% reported an improvement in their academic performance as a result of those counseling services and 87% felt more positive about school life after receiving counseling services. The study concluded that comprehensive counseling programs improved academic performance among high school students. The study intended to inform education planners, principals, and administrators on the role counseling would play in enhancing academic achievement among secondary school students.
Open Access
Effects of Alcohol Abuse on Parental Guidance of Children
(IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2014-08) Sirera, Merecia A. M.; Mwenje, Margaret
Alcohol abuse and dependence can be disabling to the family functioning and especially nurturing of the children. However, information on the effect of alcohol abuse and dependence on the role of parents as nurturers in the rural settings of Kenya is limited. The purpose of this study was to establish effects of Alcohol abuse and dependence on parents in the rural settings and how this impacted on their parental roles as nurtures and especially in guiding children. The parents who use alcohol frequently experienced alcohol related disorders that could be disabling them from their parental duties. The effects of alcohol abuse and dependence on parental guidance in Marachi central location in Butula Division in Busia County and Mathira division in Nyeri County were derived from a questionnaire and focus group discussions with parents who frequently use alcohol. A total of 83 parents, 41 from Butula Division Busia County and 42 from Mathira Division in Nyeri County participated in the study. The findings from this study indicate that alcohol abuse and dependence not only drained family resources but more importantly led to negative self assessment that worked against the role of parents as models and nurturers hence their inability in guiding children to grow into desirable persons for individual development and functioning of the society.
Open Access
Exploring Individual Determinants of Counselors’ Intention to Seek Supervision Services
(Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017-10-30) Kiarie, Jane M.; Mwenje, Margaret K.; Kiptiony, Gladys J.
Although numerous insights have been generated into the process of counseling supervision, the individual determinants that steer counselors into seeking and adopting counseling supervision have been not been well documented, especially in a developing country like Kenya. This paper utilizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour by Ajzen (1985), which integrates the three (3) dimensions of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, that are hypothesized to influence counselors intention to seek counseling supervision services. The research design is a correlational, cross sectional research design, employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. A sample of 117 practicing and accredited Counselors in Nairobi County, Kenya was used. Data was collected using a 14 item Likert Scale questionnaire adapted from items used in previous institutional research. Data analysis utilized the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 to explore significant relations among the research variables. Multiple linear regression yielded a significant model explaining 31.7% (R2 =.317, F (3, 104) =16.120, p<0.05) of the variance in the intention to seek counseling supervision. The results provide critical insights on the complexity of counselors' intention to seek supervision services. Correlation analysis suggests that Intention Decision correlated positively with Attitude (r =0.522; p < 0.01). However, the relationship between Subjective Norm (r=-0.76; P > 0.01) and Perceived Behavioural (r) 0.21; P >0.01) was not statistically significant. The three antecedents of intention account for 31.7% of the variance in intention to seek. This implies that there are other variables that are not included in this study, that account for 68.3% of the variance in intention to seek supervision services. Further, the data suggests that there were significant relationships between intention to seek supervision services and two of the variables of the study namely Attitude (β=.600, p<0.05) and Subjective Norm (β= -0.116, p<0.05). However, Perceived Behavioural control had p >0.05, hence were not significant predictor of counselors intention to seek counseling supervision services. The study recommends development of a programme to promote the uptake of counseling supervision and reduce the negative impact risk of subjective norm. Further, the paper calls for concerted efforts aimed at the individual counselor to improve the uptake and adoption of counseling supervision.
Open Access
Exploring Institutional Determinants of Intention to Seek Supervision Services: A Panacea for Empowered Counselors
(Kabarak Journal of Research & Innovation, 2018) Kiarie, Jane M.; Kiptiony, Gladys J.; Mwenje, Margaret K.
Although numerous insights have been generated into the process of counseling supervision, the institutional pressure that steer counselors into seeking and adopting counseling supervision have been largely ignored. In this paper, an institutional framework, which integrates the three (3) dimensions of institutional pressure namely mimetic, coercive, and normative, is developed and hypothesized to influence counselors intention to seek counseling supervision services. The study injects a multi-disciplinary approach by utilizing DiMaggio & Powell (1983) Institutional Theory (IT). The research design was a correlational, cross sectional research design, employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. A sample of 117 practicing and accredited Counselors in Nairobi County, Kenya was used. Data was collected using a 14 item Likert Scale questionnaire adapted from items used in previous institutional research. Data analysis utilized the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 to explore significant relations among the research variables. Multiple linear regression yielded a significant model explaining 32.7% of the variance in the intention to seek counseling supervision. The results provide critical insights on the complexity of counselors' intention to seek supervision services. Correlation analysis suggests that Normative pressure and coercive pressure had significant correlation with intention to use counseling supervision (p<0.05). Normative pressure have the greatest effect (β=.520, p<0.01) on intention, while Coercive Pressure (β=.187, p<0.05) had the least effect. The findings revealed that Mimetic Pressure β=-.088 (p>.05) had no significant effect on intention to seek supervision services. Possibly, counselors did not find the need to mimic other successful counselors, as they did not attribute such success to seeking supervision services. The study recommends that counselors training institutions should incorporate supervision training in their curriculum. Further professional counseling associations should enact legislation and implement policies that require counselors to periodically attend counseling supervision.
Open Access
Influence of Parental Alcoholism on Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Kandara Sub-County in Murang’a County, Kenya
(International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2020-06) Njoroge, Beth; Mwenje, Margaret
The future of a nation lies in its youth. The academic performance of students, being a key segment of the youth, is therefore of critical significance. This is because good academic performance opens the door for successful careers in the future. Parents bear the burden to care for their adolescent children. However, the rising prevalence of parental alcoholism is a great concern as it is likely to impact on their children’s academic performance. The purpose of this study was to establish the impact of parental alcoholism on academic performance among secondary school students. Crosssectional survey design was used. The study was guided by Social Learning Theory that explains that behavior can be acquired by observing and imitating others. The population of the study was students enrolled in mixed public day secondary schools in Murang’a County in Kenya. A sample of 63 boys and girls drawn from the respective schools through purposive sampling method was used. The study also sampled 12 teachers and 6 community leaders. Structured questionnaire and interviews were used as the method of collecting data. Quantitative data was subjected to frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulation analysis using SPSS. Thematic technique was applied to analyze qualitative data. The results showed that 74% of the student respondents who attained D+ and below in their April 2019 exam attributed their low grades to parental alcoholism. Parental alcoholism is a symptom of other perceived or real problems in the social environment and risk factors associated with alcoholism could be multidimensional. The main conclusion drawn from the study is that parental alcoholism in Kandara Sub County is high and is a major contributor to poor academic performance in the study area. This calls for a rethinking of existing interventions and a paradigm shift from a one-angled approach to school based interventions towards a multipronged and holistic model of psychosocial support. The study will benefit school administrators, Government agencies, the Church and mental health care providers.
Open Access
Psychosocial challenges faced by retired police of officers: A case of Retired Administration Police Officers in Kenya
(IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2014-08) Muthondeki, David; Sirera, Merecia A. M.; Mwenje, Margaret
Police work demands and engagements and effects on the psychosocial wellbeing of the officers has been studied extensively. However, few studies have examined the psychosocial challenges experienced by retired officers. The present study examined the psychosocial challenges experienced by the retired administration police officers in Kenya and how this impacted on their psychosocial well being after their active service in the force. A descriptive survey using questionnaire and face to face interviews was used to collect data from police retirees who had left service between 1998 and 2008. The results of the study show that due to the nature of the police work and the police subculture, the officers hardly plan for their retirement hence find it difficult to adjust to life in the civilian world. The study also found that there is no psychological support system in Kenya administration police force that helps the officers’ deal with psychological challenges while on duty. As such, officers carry into retirement work related stressors that impact negatively on their psychosocial wellbeing when outside the service. The findings suggest the need for psychological support system for the police officers during active service and in the life after active service.
Open Access
Prevalence and Factors contributing to Pornography viewing among Male Students in selected Universities in Kenya.
(IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2014-11) Wamathai, Ann; Sirera, Merecia A. M.; Mwenje, Margaret
Pornography viewing afforded through advanced technology has become a widespread social phenomenon globally and has contributed to changing the terrain of human sexuality in both positive and negative ways. Technology in form of computers and internet has made the availability of pornography faster and easier than ever before. However, the media provides unfiltered sexual explicit materials which when coupled with the loose regulatory mechanisms may expose university students to pornography. This paper explores the prevalence and factors contributing to viewing of pornography among male students in selected universities in Kenya. The Social Learning Theory was used to inform this study. The study adopted a descriptive research design employing a mixed method approach in data collection. Proportionate, random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 487students from public (270) and private (217) universities and four students’ counselor in Kenya. Research data was collected using a questionnaire and a structured interview guide. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistic, while the qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The findings of the study revealed that 93% of the respondents had been exposed to some forms of Sexually Explicit Materials (SEM) and 16.7 % were highly exposed. The highest age in which participants were first exposed to porn viewing at 62% was between 13 to 18 years. The findings of the study revealed that the students are exposed to pornographic images found in various sources; magazines, videos, televisions, computers and internet. Forty eight percent (48%) of the respondents indicated that they use pornography to satisfy their curiosity, 43% to seek for sexuality knowledge and information and 43% for entertainment purposes. The study recommends for provision of age appropriate sexuality information and education at all educational levels, public and media forums. Strong policy guidelines and programs to control and regulate pornography use should be put in place for the betterment of humanity.