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Item Open Access Linguistic variation in multilingual setting: Evidence from Kenya, Africa(Verlag Dr. Muller (VDM), 2011-12-01) Njoroge, Martin C.The phonological and grammatical variations in the English spoken by teachers a! primary school level in Kenya present an interesting sociolinguistic area of investigation. This study set out to: identify and describe both phonological and grammatical variations in the English spoken by teachers at primary school level in Kenya; determine how these variations depart from the British standard variety; correlate the linguistic variation observed with the social variables of elhnicity, gender, educational level and rural-urban dichotomy; and discuss the implications of the emergent sociolinguistic patterns for pedagogy in Kenya. To achieve the aims of the study, we collected data from teachers in the rural areas of Bomet, Siaya and Thika districts and from Nairobi area, an urban setting. Judgemental sampling method and the social network approach guided us in choosing the required study sample. Classroom interactions were tape-recorded to obtain the language data and a questionnaire was used to elicit bio-data and information about educational qualifications and schools attended. In data collection, analysis, interpretation and discussion, we were guided by the Labovian Language Variation Theory. For the identification and description of the linguistic variations, description of the British Standard English as outlined in Roach (1998) and Wells (1982) for phonology and in Quirk et ai (1985) for grammar, were used as reference points. The general finding is that the English spoken by teachers at primary school level in Kenya varies from the British standard variety - the model that is supposed to be used at all the education tiers in Kenya. This variation cuts across all the social variables investigated. Of the social variables, ethnicity was found to impact heavily on both the phonological and grammatical systems in the spoken English that the sampled teachers used. Education was also found to influence the variations. In virtually all the linguistic categories observed, the spoken English of graduate teachers had fewer variations. The rural-urban dichotomy showed that urban speakers in the study sample approximated more to Standard English than their rural counterparts, especially in phonological variation. In the area of gender, although women generally recorded lower mean scores in most of the variants than men, the results of the analysis of variance show that at 5% level of significance, the difference was not statistically significant. These findings have implications for the various groups involved in language education in Kenya: policy-makers and syllabus designers; the Kenya National Examinations Council: publishing houses: language researchers; teacher-trainers; teachers and learners. The study argues for the consideration of the sociolinguistic reality of English in Kenya and adoption of a local variety of English, a variety that will be close to other standard varieties, thus making it possible for Kenyan speakers to maintain mutual intelligibility with international speakers of English while maintaining their Kenyan identity. This recommendation calls for an extensive research into English as it is used in Kenya, leading in turn to the description, codification and, ultimately, the use of Kenyan English in schools.Item Open Access Item Open Access Evaluation of Effectiveness of Home Group Fellowships at Nairobi Baptist Church(PAC University, 2014-06) Karba Borive, BettyItem Open Access Effectiveness of Leadership Development Process for Students "Councils in Public Universities in Kenya(PAC University, 2014-10) Ngetich, JosephItem Open Access Examining the Impact of Strategic Leadership on Effective Resource Mobilization in Faith Based Organization(PAC University, 2014-10) Msafiri, ElizabethItem Open Access The Role of Entrepreneurship in Mission' 'Facilitation(PAC University, 2014-10) Kithinji, William GeoffreyItem Open Access The Role of Elders in AIPCA Church Leadership(PAC University, 2014-10) Wambui, Samuel MburuItem Open Access Demstyfying Conflict and Collaboration in Nairobi's Pentecostal MegaChurches;Implications for Church Leaders(PAC University, 2014-10) Manyonge O.BernardItem Open Access The Role of Leadership in effective change Management; A Case study of the National Police Service(PAC University, 2014-10) Mutungi, MusyokaItem Open Access Examining the Impact of Strategic Leadership on Effective Resource Mobilization in Faith Based Organization(PAC University, 2014-10) Odhuno O., DavidItem Open Access Assessing the Impact of Political Leadership on Entrepreneurship Development in Nairobi County(PAC University, 2014-10) Thuranira, GideonItem Open Access The Role of Discipleship in Developing Servant Leadership: A Case of EKHC(PACU, 2014-10) Alabo Alemayehu, AnjuloItem Open Access Overwhelming the Challenges Facing Spiritual Growth: A Focus on Mamlaka Hill Chapel(PAC University, 2014-10) Ngie M., BramwellItem Open Access Effects of Servant Leadership on the Growth of P.A.G(K);Eldoret South District(PAC University, 2014-10) Bett K., StephenItem Open Access Monitoring New German Missionaries; A Strategy for Sustaining Effective Ministry(PAC University, 2014-10) Horder, Michael .E.F.Item Open Access A Survey of Leadership and Intra-Church Conflicts in Thika Town Churches, Kenya(PAC University, 2014-10) Ajevi Sid, ChrispinusItem Open Access The leadership Challenges Facing Tigoni Baptist Academy(PAC University, 2014-10) Kamau, Ruth N.Item Open Access Impact of Youth Discipleship Programmes in Development of Servant Leaders at ACK Kairi Parish Youth(PAC University, 2014-10) Gathira, Mbuthia P.Item Open Access Impact of Leadership in Employee Turnover and Organizational Performance(PAC University, 2014-10) Runyora, Alice NgigiItem Open Access Result Based leadership in ECD Programs; Case study of Schools in Makadara District(PAC University, 2014-10) Kathia, Gacheri Lillian