Perceived Paternal Care and Self Esteem as a Predictor of Depressive Symptoms among Adolescent Boys in Selected Schools in Kiambu County, Kenya
Date
2017-10
Authors
Kuboka, Venoranda Rebecca
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Publisher
Panafrica Christian University
Abstract
Perceived paternal care is attributed to the development of depression among adolescents. Depression is characterized by moodiness, low interest in activities, acting out and aggressiveness. This study examined perceived paternal care and self-esteem as a predictor of depressive symptoms among adolescent boys in selected secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were: to establish perceived paternal care among adolescent boys, to assess self-esteem as a vulnerability factor of depression, to investigate symptoms of depression among adolescent boys and to establish the relationship between perceived paternal care and development of depression among adolescent boys. In Kenya, few studies have been done to examine how paternal care predicts the development of depression among adolescent boy in Kenya. Many studies have examined how parenting styles contribute to depression in the context of
both parents, that is, the mother and father. Few studies seem to focus on assessing how paternal care predicts the development of depression among boys in Kenya. An investigation on the relationship between paternal care and self-esteem as a predictor of depression was therefore ideal. Spearman Rank Correlation was used to test the relationship between paternal care and development of depression as well as assess self-esteem as a vulnerability factor to depression. Stratified random sampling was used to select four boy's schools. Purposive sampling was then used to select 87 boys who had fathers. Perceived parental care was assessed using the paternal nurturance scale. Depression scale was assessed using the Center Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). The Rosenberg scale was used to assess self-esteem. The study findings revealed that there is a negative correlation of (r= -.239) between perceived
paternal care and depression among adolescent boys. The findings also revealed that there is a negative correlation of (r= -.505) between self-esteem and depression. The findings of the study will help mental health practitioners to develop interventions that incorporate parents in addressing the psychological needs of adolescents.
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Keywords
Depression in Adolescents,Causes of Depression,Causes of Low Self Esteem
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