JA-School of Leadership, Business & Technology

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Open Access
An Assessment of The Effectiveness of the Competitive Strategies by Commercial Banks: A Case of Equity Bank
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2016-03) Karitu, Beatrice Mulinge
Commercial banks in Kenya are facing stiff competition necessitating the design of competitive strategies to guarantee their performance. These commercial banks have to consider how to enter a market and then build and protect its competitive position. Banks begin to realize that no bank can offer all products and be the best or leading bank for all customers. Banks should therefore not only come up with strategies to counter the competition but also measure the effects of the combined strategies that they employed. This study sought to assess effectiveness of competitive strategies on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya with specific reference to Equity bank limited. The study population comprised of the employees of equity bank based at the head office in Nairobi. Structured questionnaires were administered to respondent's selected using stratified sampling technique. Primary data was obtained through the use of questionnaires, which had both structured and unstructured questions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics; the mean, mode, median and standard deviation. This was presented by the use of frequency tables, cumulative tables, percentages and ranks. These data was then presented by way of tables, bar charts and pie charts. The study assessed different competitive strategies used by Equity Bank. These include customer focus strategy, price strategy, differentiation strategy and innovation strategy.
Open Access
The Effect of Change Management Practices on The Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning at the United Nations office, Nairobi
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2017-09) Mundanya, Flevian
Application of change management practices to strategy implementation processes has become critical to achieve success. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation results in major changes in the organization, which touch on the strategy, structure, systems, software, skills, style and shared values of the organization. Empirical studies have exposed conceptual gaps in that whereas they acknowledge that change management practices are vital for strategy implementation, few studies have researched on the effect of change management practices on ERP implementation. Moreover, the context of non-governmental organizations in relation to change management and ERP has not been sufficiently researched. Existing studies have small sample sizes, hence limiting the inferences made by the researchers, considering that ERP touches across the entire organization. These gaps necessitated the current study which sought to answer the question: “what is the effect of change management practices on the implementation of ERP at the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON)?” The study was anchored on three change management theoretical frameworks namely: the Kurt Lewin’s theory of change management; McKinsey’s Seven ‘S’ framework and Kotter’s eight (8) step change management theory. The broad objective of the study was to determine the effect of change management practices on ERP implementation at UNON. Primary data was collected through a census, by sending questionnaires electronically to 146 staff of the division of conference services in UNON. There was a response rate of 87% and the collected data was summarized using the mean and standard deviation as the descriptive statistics. For inferential statistics, Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used. The findings indicate a significant statistical relationship between the independent and dependent variables. This study therefore concluded that strategic vision, strategic leadership, communication and staff empowerment all have positive significant relationships with ERP implementation. It was further found that staff empowerment had the strongest positive correlation with ERP implementation. The findings of the study are expected to guide both managers in their day to day operations and policy makers to make more informed decisions. They are also expected to build on the body of knowledge in relation to the concepts of change management practices and ERP implementation. This study recommended that future studies could seek to examine change management from the perspective of staff empowerment to understand how various measures of staff empowerment can affect the success of ERP implementation.
Open Access
The Effect of Strategic Alliances on the Growth of Market Share of Commercial Banks in Kenya: A Case of KCB Bank PLC
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2019-07) Maselo, George
The Kenya banking sector has been facing stiff competition as a result of globalization where other players have joined the sector with differentiated innovative products and services. Alliances are becoming an alternative business strategy and hence the formulation of strategic alliances in the banking industry because of the development of worldwide patterns, for example, heightened rivalry, taking off cost of capital, including the cost of innovative work and the regularly developing interest for new advances. The study sought to determine effect of strategic alliances on the growth of market share for commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives were determining the effects of sharing financial risk, knowledge sharing, markets access and gaining capabilities on the growth of market share for commercial banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on four theories namely Resource Based View, Open System Theory, Game Theory and Dynamic Capabilities Theory. The study used a case study research design of KCB Bank Plc. The target population of the study comprised of the 182 directors and senior managers who are involved in the daily management of the alliances top management employees from the KCB Bank Plc. Data was collected through the use of closed ended questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to the senior and middle level management for data collection. A pre-test on the research instrument was done to ensure it fits the requirements of the research. Data collected was analysed by use of descriptive statistics including the mean, variance and standard deviation. The findings suggest that strategic alliances had a positive significant relationship with market share. The findings of this study showed that strategic alliance formation has a significant effect on the growth of market share at KCB Bank Plc. The entire null hypotheses was rejected. It is recommended that firms seek appropriate kinds of partnerships and alliances that will help enhance their own market share and growth. It is further recommended that firms should reconsider reasons for engaging in strategic alliances and understand whether they will gain capabilities, knowledge, and find it easier to access new markets.
Open Access
The Effect of Strategy Implementation on Performance of Broadcast Solutions International Limited
(2018-10) Njenga, George,M
Open Access
Effects of Career Development and Employee Rewards on Employee Retention in Non-Governmental Organizations of Care for AIDS, Kenya
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2019-07) Mburu, Jane Mugure
Retaining employees is a critical management issue in both private and public organizations. Non-governmental organizations face different problems resulting from globalization, economic growth and skills shortage especially in Kenya. The need to enhance employee morale and performance has never been critical. The study assessed effects of career development and employee rewards on employee retention at Care for AIDS, a non-governmental organization based in Kenya. The study’s main objective was investigating effects of career development and employee rewards on employee retention at Care for AIDS, Kenya. Specifically, the study was built on Vroom’s expectancy theory and the theory of organizational equilibrium. The key goals were to examine the influence of career development on employee retention; and to investigate the influence of employee extrinsic and intrinsic rewards on employee retention in the non-governmental organization. The study was conducted using a descriptive research design. Forty-five employees of Care for Aids formed the respondents in this study. The study used primary data which was collected using semi structured questionnaires, interviews and observation methods. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistic with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, 2015). The findings of the analysis indicated that there was a strong significant statistical relationship between career development practices and employees’ retention at the organization. Secondly, the findings of the analysis indicated that there was a moderate significant statistical relationship between intrinsic reward practices and employees’ retention at the organization. Third, the findings of the analysis indicated that there was no significant statistical relationship between extrinsic reward practices and employees’ retention at the organization. Recommendations such as a focus on enhancing employee careers through career development practices and a focus on proper rewards in the organization if they seek to enhance retention were suggested. Several limitations such as the use of self-reported measures and a small sample size were identified.
Open Access
The Effects of Competitive Strategies on Performance of Public Universities Operating Within Nairobi County
(PACU, 2019-02-05) Kyungu, Hellen Mwende
Competitive strategy is an important area of strategy that stems from the understanding of the influence of competition and industry attractiveness on the performance of the firm. Learning how organizations use competitive strategies as a tool for success has been a core issue in strategic management .A firm’s competitive strategies are what make it better than the competition. Competitive strategies can be applied in businesses, employees and even countries. The central objective of the study was to investigate the effects of generic strategies on the performance of Public universities operating within Nairobi County. The specific objectives included; to establish the effects of differentiation strategies on performance of Public universities operating within Nairobi County, to find out the effects of cost leadership strategies on performance of Public universities operating within Nairobi County, to examine the effects of focus strategies on performance in Public universities operating within Nairobi County. The study was based on Michael Porters generic business strategies theory, that includes; Differentiation, Cost leadership and Focus strategies. The study used a cross sectional descriptive survey research design. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected. The sample target population of the study was 150 from the administrative section of the universities. The response rate was 80% and the data was summarized by use of SPSS version 24. Data collection from primary sources was done using semi structured questionnaires and was analyzed using descriptive statistics that used standard deviation and mean and inferential statistics that used regression analysis. The findings rejected all the hypotheses and showed a significant association between the independent variables and dependent variable. Hence the conclusion that generic competitive strategies; differentiation, focus and cost leadership have a significant positive effect on performance. The conclusions are best suited to inform decisions of policy makers. Future studies should be carried out on competitive strategies in other counties in Kenya.
Open Access
Effects of Financial Management Practices on Financial Performance of small and Medium Enterprises in Kiambu, Kenya
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2015-09) Ringera, Japhet Marangu
Financial management is an important clement of the management of any business. It is a key pan of the management function focusing on the management of a business' assets. In the long term, the type of assets owned by a business charts out the direction of the business during the life of these assets. In Kenya simple management mistakes lead to the collapse of SMEs due to their poor financial management. Lack of proper financial management is one of the issues that easily lead to the collapse of SMEs despite improved access to financing. This study was therefore, designed to establish the effect of financial management practices on financial performance of small and medium enterprises: in Kiambu town in Kenya. Three variables namely Working Capital Management, Investment decisions and financing decisions [independent variables] were used to measure financial performance [dependent variable]. The study used descriptive research design utilizing qualitative data captured using a self-administered questionnaire. 100 randomly selected SMEs located in Kiambu town were used as the sample of the study. The analysis was done using frequencies. Percentages, means, regressions analysis and ANOVA. Presentation was by use of pie charts, graphs and tables. The study showed that considered individually, there is a positive relationship between working capital management; investment decisions; financial decisions and financial performance. The study showed that the combined effect of financial management practices [working capital management, investment decision, financial decision] have a moderate positive relationship between financial management practices and financial performance and that considered collectively, financial management practices contributed to 18.3% variance in financial performance. The 81.7% variance in financial performance would be attributed to other factors beyond the scope of the study. The study recommends that to enhance financial performance, the organizations [SMEs] should adopt credit policies to guide credit sales. The policies should create a balance between customer retention and adequate the cash flow. Secondly the study recommends that the government should ensure creation of favourable policy and economic environment through legislation that facilitate access to affordable sources of funding for SMEs and attract venture capitalist. Third, developing appropriate strategies and policies that enhance financial decisions will be critical for the SMEs in enhancing 'heir financial performance. Fourth, a study that covers other parts of the country with unique business environments would be welcome. Further, broadening the study scope to cover other variables of financial management practices such as activity analysis would be welcome to offer more empirical evidence on the factors that affect financial performance of SMEs.
Metadata only
The Effects of Workload Demands and Space Intrusion on Clerics‟ Couples‟ Sexual Satisfaction: A Survey of Evangelical Church Denomination in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2017-10) Kamanda, Francis M
Open Access
Factors Affecting Accessibity of Women in Kasarani Constituency
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2016-03) Wairimu, Juliah Ruth
Women enterprises have the potential to contribute extensively to economic growth and poverty reduction in a country through increased production and employment. For this to happen they depend on their ability to access finance. This realization has led to change of policy through the enactment into law of the MSE Act of 2012 in the Kenyan context. The purpose of this study was to establish factors influencing women enterprises access to Women Fund in Kasarani Constituency. This study adopted the descriptive design to target women business owners, women enterprise fund officials and women enterprise fund beneficiaries in Kasarani Constituency. A sample of 100 women business owners, 5 Women Enterprise Fund Workers, 6 WEF beneficiaries and 1 Member of County Assembly were sampled for the study. This gave a total of 112 respondents. Structured questionnaires and interview schedule were employed to collect the data. Data collected was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, frequency counts and percentages. Qualitative data on the other hand were analyzed thematically in line with the study objectives. Presentation of the study findings was done using tables, pie charts and bar graphs. The study established that majority of the women business owners had heard about the women enterprise fund with the main source of information regarding the fund being from family members and friends. It was also established that the main social-cultural factors that influenced the women's' access to the women enterprise funds were: gender, cultural believes; poverty and intimidations from family members. The study further revealed that women business owners did not possess the relevant skills and knowledge that would enable them acquire the women enterprise funds. The study recommends that more training on access to women enterprise funds should be done to the women business owners.
Open Access
Influence of Porter's Generic Strategies on Performance of Private Chartered Universities in Kenya
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2019-07) Manyeki, Kevin Magugu
As the numbers of private universities continue to grow, competition for market survival has intensified. Competition for survival has been the guiding force for existence and it has been associated with the performance of the Chartered private Universities in Kenya. Porter’s Generic Strategies have been an epitome of any organization successful performance. The general objective of the study was to establish the influence of Porter’s Generic Strategies on performance of private universities in Kenya. The specific objectives were influence of differentiation, Focus and cost leadership strategies on performance of private universities in Kenya. Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies, Theory of Dynamic capabilities and Resource based theories were used to inform the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. This study targeted registrars, directors, chairpersons of departments and finance officers of the 13-chartered private universities in Kenya. Due to the small population, this study adopted a census method approach. Primary data was collected through the administration of the questionnaires with a Likert scale. Cronbach's Alpha was used for the five point Likert scale items where all the statements were said to be reliable thus suitable to collect data. This study used correlation and regression to link the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Regression results showed that differentiation strategy (r=0.218, p=0.000), Focus strategy (r=0.094, p=0.006) and cost leadership strategy (r=0.116, p=0.001) were positively and significantly related to performance of private universities in Kenya. The study concluded that differentiation strategies that can be adopted in universities are diverse, ranging from quality in terms of qualified lecturers and teaching methods used, value addition and adoption of technology in universities; incentive programs in terms of availability of recreational facilities and diverse programs and students experience with reference to duration of learning and formulation of policies that are favorable to students in universities. The study recommended that the management of the private universities have an important role to offer advice, information and intelligence and thereby to think strategically for the future of the whole organization. They are expected to think and act strategically in their own areas of responsibility. This is particularly important if the educational and business environment is different for the departments of the educational institution. The study further recommended for unique higher education marketing strategies that help raise awareness of courses and programs while bringing in new students and resources needed to sustain online programs.
Open Access
The Influence of Strategic Planning on Performance of Micro Enterprices in Ruiru Sub county Kiambu County, Kenya
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2016-10) Ngigi, Lilian Njeri
The question which runs through this research study is whether strategic planning has any impact on the performance of micro enterprises in the Ruiru Sub County. Literature on whether small enterprises do strategic planning and whether it has any impact on their performance gives findings that differ among authors. Strategic planning in Kenya is relatively new and less common in small enterprises. Micro enterprises rank at the bottom of the pyramid of businesses in Kenya. They contribute heavily in service delivery and job creation but many of them are handicapped in growth and expansion. The researcher embarked on finding out whether strategic planning contributes to their growth. Data was collected on a sample drawn from 737 micro enterprises from 3 different industries in Ruiru Sub County using descriptive research design. Stratified random sampling was used with 20% sample size which is 147 elements. Data was collected from the micro enterprise owner-managers by use of self-administered or interview administered questionnaires. Data analysis was done by use of descriptive and inferential statistics using computer software. The findings conclude that in Ruiru Sub County the micro entrepreneurs carry out strategic planning and it has significantly impacted on their performance. There is a strong positive relationship between strategic planning variables of environmental scanning, strategy formulation, implementation and control and performance variables of profits, business turnover and market positioning.
Open Access
Performance Contracting and Service Delivery in County Governments in Kenya: A Case study of Kakamega County
(PAC University, 2022-05) Daristu, Eunice
County Governments have adopted several strategies such as performance contracting, to improve service delivery. However, they have still been found to perform poorly. This is in spite of receiving a considerable share of the national budget to carry out their mandates. This means that the effects of performance contracting strategy in counties need to be examined in detail to understand the exact situation on the ground and its actual value. Based on such arguments, the study investigated the effect of performance contracting on service delivery in the County Government of Kakamega. The study was anchored on three theories, the expectancy theory, goal setting theory, and the dynamics theory of service delivery. Four specific objectives guided the study, thus: determining the impact of target setting on service delivery; establishing the effect of vetting and negotiation on service delivery; finding out the effect of execution on service delivery; and determining the effect of monitoring and evaluation on service delivery. The research made use of a descriptive research design. The study sampled 142 respondents drawn from the Executive and the County Assembly of Kakamega. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to each respondent. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0 software was used to analyse the collected data. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data and presented in frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. A regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The findings led to the rejection of three null hypotheses: a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables was obtained. Hence the conclusion was that target setting, execution, monitoring, and evaluation significantly affect service delivery positively. The findings would inform the decisions of policymakers at both levels of government on entrenching performance contracting. The findings will further inform the incoming governor of the County Government of Kakamega on the areas of strengthening to enhance service delivery and also the task force on the performance contracting policy would benefit from the study findings. Further studies should be carried out on service delivery in other County Governments
Open Access
Strategic Human Resource Practices and Teachers’ Performance: A Case of Rosslyn Academy, Nairobi.
(PAC University, 2024-08-14) Eddah Wairimu Nyanjau
Rosslyn Academy has over the years focused on improving teachers’ performance using various strategies such as technological training, performance development, transitioning to formative assessments from summative assessments. Although these practices had influenced the performance of teachers to some extent, the researcher felt the need to explore the effectiveness of other strategies. This study aimed at determining the influence of strategic human resource practices on teachers ‘performance, a case of Rosslyn Academy, Nairobi. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of coaching on performance of teachers in Rosslyn Academy, determine the effect of training on the performance of teachers, establish the influence of mentoring on the performance of teachers and to identify the combined influence of mentoring, coaching and training on teachers’ performance at Rosslyn Academy. The study adopted positivism philosophy. The constructivist theory, human capital theory and social cognitive theory were applied. The research design adopted was a phenomenological research design. The target population were all teachers of Rosslyn Academy and human resource officers. The total sample population was sixty-two employees of Rosslyn Academy. The sampling method adopted was purposive sampling method. The data was collected using questionnaires. The analysis of the data comprised of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings, revealed that coaching had a standardized beta coefficient of -0.027 and a corresponding p-value of 0.850 hence insignificant in predicting teachers’ performance. Training had a standardized beta coefficient of 0.570 with a t-statistic of 4.478 and 0.000 p-value hence meaningful predictor of Teachers’ Performance. Mentoring had a standardized beta coefficient of 0.390, t-statistic of 5.891 and p-value of 0.000 hence significant predictor of Teachers Performance. The study findings are significant in giving insights to the Rosslyn Academy management team on more effective ways of carrying out these strategic human resource practices. It further emphasizes the need to allocate resources for mentoring, coaching and training. Stakeholders in the education sector, policy makers and researchers will understand the impact of embracing mentoring, coaching and training on the performance of teachers and adopt the same for enhanced performance in their spheres of influence.

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