JA-School of Humanities & Social Sciences

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Open Access
Advocacy Communication and The Child Trafficking Situation in Kenya: The Case of Mathare Constituency Primary Schools
(International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2020) Kinuthia, Cyndi; Mbogoh, B; Komen, L
Child trafficking is one of the leading crimes in Kenya. The purpose of this study therefore was to look at the efficacy of advocacy communication when it comes to addressing the complications of child trafficking in society. The study focus was Mathare constituency in Nairobi County. This is because there are many child trafficking cases from Mathare constituency that have been reported over the years causing a number of humanitarian organizations, who work with schools and community groups, to step in and address the issue. A purposive sample of 240 teacher respondents and 16 facilitators was selected as per Yamane’s formula while convergent parallel mixed methods design was used for data collection and analysis. The study established that videos and pictorials were the most popular advocacy methods used, with a 100 percent respondent rate while 98 percent observed that through advocacy humanitarian organizations were making a difference in countering child trafficking. The study established also that all (100%) of the facilitators agreed that the stakeholders directly involved with children did contribute to the fight against child trafficking. The study concluded that integrated communication was adopted by facilitators and that the advocacy communication methods used were effective. The study recommends involvement of key stakeholders’ right from the planning stage for effectiveness. A recommendation of the study is that further investigations be done from the viewpoints of the children, parents and the local administration.
Open Access
African Democratic Education Revisited
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Chiroma, Jane Adhiambo
Open Access
Agricultural Biotechnology in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2022) Kiambi, Dionysious; Midega, Charles; Ochieng, Joel W.; ; Rege, John Edward Otieno; Sones, Keith
Agriculture supports the livelihoods of most households in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and makes significant contribution to national economies, especially in countries that are not dependent on mineral wealth. The region is home to more than 950 million people and is projected to reach 2.1 billion by 2050. Although agriculture accounts for about 23% of the region’s total gross domestic product, the full potential of the agriculture sector in SSA is yet to be exploited. Food insecurity on the continent has been increasing since 2014: in 2019, 250 million people in SSA were undernourished, and the coronavirus pandemic has likely pushed tens of millions more into food insecurity. Climate change will exacerbate existing threats to food security and agriculture-based livelihoods. Africa’s 33 million smallholder farmers depend on rainfed agriculture and are especially vulnerable to impacts of climate change. Unlike other regions of the world, where yields have increased substantially over recent decades, yields have stagnated in SSA. The African Union’s target of 6% annual agricultural productivity growth will require substantial policy support and investment in agricultural technologies, including biotechnology. With the exception of South Africa, most SSA countries continue to question whether agricultural biotechnology is a good investment.
Open Access
Antisocial Behaviours that are More Prevalent Among Children with Complicated Grief in Selected Public Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya
(EdinBurg Peer Reviewed Journals and Books Publishers Journal of Sociology, Psychology & Religious Studies, 2024-06) Omucheni, Priscillah Ndunge; Mwenje, Margaret; Kamunyu, Ruth
The inability of children to comprehend and process death due to factors like chronological age, attachment of the child to the deceased, nature of death, and family support, might lead to delayed or prolonged grief processes resulting in complicated grief (CG). Complicated grief in a child’s life can affect his/her social and cognitive functioning manifesting in antisocial behaviours. This study aimed to find out antisocial behaviours that are more prevalent among children with complicated grief in selected public primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was guided by Attachment Theory. Multistage sampling, purposive sampling, inclusion, and exclusion criteria were used to select 259 pupils aged 10-13 years who had lost a loved one in the last year. Purposive sampling was also used to select 22 class teachers of the bereaved pupils who participated in the study. The study employed a convergent mixed-method design. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires (SDQ, ICG, and STAB) and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 25.0. The findings indicated that the most prevalent antisocial behaviour was social aggression with an aggregated mean of 3.01. The findings indicated that antisocial behaviours were common among children with CG as well as those without. The most prevalent antisocial behaviour among children who had lost a loved one was social aggression. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should introduce a school-based counseling program incorporating grief intervention techniques and recommend trained counselors who do not double up as teachers to be school counselors to negate dual relationships. Public Primary schools are encouraged to develop several training programs to help teachers understand how to intervene and foster resiliency in their students who have experienced grief.
Open Access
Application of Songs in the Teaching of Swahili Grammar
(2018-05-14) Njoroge, Martin C.; Gathigia, Moses G.
Background: Songs are instruments that enhance pedagogy of diversity. Songs are appreciated for their pedagogical, cultural, linguistic and entertaining features. Songs also enhance students’ receptivity and help students understand the target language. However, empirical research examining the effects of songs as used in children’s classrooms remains scarce. In addition, despite their benefits, teachers in many educational settings in Africa have relegated songs to mainly recreation and entertainment part. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the value of songs as a medium of teaching Swahili tense, lexis and negation. Theoretical Orientation: The study is anchored on the Affective Filter Hypothesis in Stephen Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition as an explanation of its practical applicability to English language teaching and learning. Design, Sample and Methods: The study was carried out from a qualitative perspective. The Kiswahili song “Mchikicho” was purposively sampled to illustrate how songs can be applied in the teaching of vocabulary, tense and negation in Kiswahili. The study also conducted interviews with two linguists in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the application of songs in the acquisition of Swahili tense, lexis and negation. The interviews and notes arising from the analysis of the Swahili song were transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: The findings of the study indicate that songs reinforce the teaching of Swahili tense, lexis and negation. In addition, the study found that that songs which are simple, short, interesting, memorable, enjoyable, assist in the teaching of vocabulary, tenses and negation in Swahili. Conclusions: The study concludes that songs are viable vehicles for teaching Swahili tense, lexis and negation. In addition, when complemented by songs, classroom instruction become enjoyable and interesting, promoting a deeper level of learning.
Open Access
Barriers to Sexual and Reproductive Health Education on Students' Sexual Behavior in Secondary Schools in Lugari District, Kenya.
(Journal of Research and Innovation, 2014) Mayabi, J.M.; Kariuki, M.; Mwenje, Margaret
Reproductive health education is a key strategy for promoting good sexual behavior among students. The study sought to establish barriers to sexual and reproductive health education on students sexual behavior in secondary schools in Likuyani division of Lugari district, Kenya. The study utilized a descriptive survey research design and targeted form two students in six selected schools in the area. A total of 241 stiudents and 30 teachers formed the study sample. Data was collected using two questionnaires, one for students and another for teachers. The questionaires were considered reliable after yielding a cronbachs coefficient of 0.70. Data collected was analysed using both Descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Computer Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17. The study findings confirm that policy and programmatic gaps exists in addressing the RHE needs of the students. This is attributed to lack of clear guidelines on how to address the RHE needs of students, challenges of dealing with students' RHE in general as well as cultural constraints. The study therefore recommended the need for clear guidelines on dealing with RHE of students in schools; demystify the cultural beliefs and attitudes towards sex and reproductive education that hinder the implementation and providing training and reorientation of RHE providers. The findings of the study will assist all stakeholders, who will include ministry of education, health and the general public in appreciating the value of reproductive health education, in changing students sexual behavior.
Open Access
Challenges Counselors Face in Effecting School Counseling Programs for Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Kiambu County, Kenya
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELLING, 2021-03-01) Gachenia, Lucy; Mwenje, Margaret
School counseling is intended to help students overcome problems, which usually mitigate their academic performance in schools. Helping students adjust emotionally, physically, mentally, and socially enhances good academic performance. In achieving this goal of counseling especially in schools, the government has previously committed resources towards establishing counseling programs in schools. However, the reality on the ground is that there are few established counseling programs as well as few counselors to implement the said programs and this has posed a challenge to the counsellors in their effort to offer counseling to assist students to enhance their academic achievement. The aim of the study was to establish the challenges counselors face in affecting school counseling programs for academic achievement of secondary school students in Kiambu County. The objective of the study was to find out if counsellors faced challenges while offering to counsel for academic achievement. To achieve this objective the study used primary data collected from a sample of 80 secondary school-age going students from 8 schools, 8 counselors, and 8 academic deans of students from the sampled schools. The study was qualitatively done and self-determination theory was used to guide the study. Findings indicated that counselors encountered personal and professional challenges in the course of their counseling duties. For personal challenges, all counsellors (100%) reported having a difficult time balancing between teaching and counseling, all counselors (100%) noted they had insufficient time for counseling since little time was set aside in the school programs for counseling, (63%) said they had no specific rooms dedicated for counseling students, (63%) felt that the big number of students seeking counseling was a challenge while 100% stated dual relationship as a tough challenge. In regard to professional challenges, (100%) of the counsellors stated that none was compensated for extra counseling duties, (75%) had insufficient skills in academic counseling, (50%) had little support from subject teachers and from parents, 100% indicated little support from school administrators, 100% cited increased workload, 100%, lack of formal recognition from Teachers Service Commission that employs teachers and 50% felt that counselors inclusivity in school discipline committee posed a challenge. The study concluded that school counseling programs are commendable because they increase students’ academic achievement. However the study has established that school counselors should be equipped with appropriate counseling skills, their workload should be reduced and that school administration should encourage greater cooperation between teacher counselors and other members of staff as well as with parents and guardians, in order to make the counselors effort more productive. Further studies should be conducted to investigate how the school administration can be actively involved in supporting counseling programs in schools.
Open Access
Church Policy On Divorce, Coping Styles, And Psychosocial Well-Being Of Divorcees In Evangelical Churches In Nakuru, Kenya
(IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2023-05-30) Chebbet, Martha; Kamunyu, Ruth; Kiarie, Jane
Background: Incidences of divorce have become rampant among Christian couples. As a result, churches have come up with policies on divorce to guide how they respond to divorcees as a growing demographic group. However, some policies may make an already bad situation worse, necessitating effective coping styles. This study examined divorcee psychosocial well-being in light of Church policy on divorce in selected Evangelical Churches in Nakuru County. Specially, the study sought to establish the predominant policy adopted by evangelical churches in the county with a view to establish the implications on divorcee wellbeing. A secondary objective of the study was to determine the coping styles of divorcees in light of church policy on divorce and what it portends for the psychosocial wellbeing of divorcees in the church. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted among 121 divorcees in selected evangelical churches in Nakuru County in Kenya. Participants were recruited into the study through snowball sampling method. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed through descriptive statistical techniques in SPSS. Results: The lesser evil principle characterized the policy on divorce applied in Evangelical Churches in Nakuru County. Divorcees exhibited high spiritual wellbeing, followed by mental wellbeing, and lastly, social wellbeing. Their wellbeing was underpinned by spiritual coping styles. Conclusion: The lesser evil principle promotes psychosocial wellbeing of divorcees. Church leaders and members of congregation should be trained on how to respond to the problem of divorce in church in a manner that promote the wellbeing of divorce and draw them near to God.
Open Access
Civil Society and Development: Involving Stakeholders to Enhance Financial Sustainability of Public Benefit Organisations in Informal Settlement in Kenya
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2017-06-01) Okatta, Timothy Osiru; Muhingi, Wilkins Ndege; Odero, Vitalis Okoth; Mutavi, Teresia Ndilu; Obondo, Anne; Namulanda, Victor; Ondiek, Dennis
This explored the influence of stakeholder involvement in achieving financial sustainability of PBOs in Nairobi informal settlement in Kenya. It was concurrent mixed methods approach study that employed a descriptive design and was carried out between January and August 2015. The study targeted various stakeholders who were randomly and purposively sampled constituting a sample size of 304. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse quantitative while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis in themes. The findings showed that 56.1% of the beneficiaries were not involved while 43.9% were involved. In addition 70.1% of the beneficiaries were involved in resource mobilization while 29.9% were not involved, 55.7% of staff were not involved in resource mobilization while 44.3% were involved. There was no statistically significant association between involvement of stakeholders in program and ways of involvement in resource mobilization (χ (4) = 4.186, p = .381). It was concluded that PBOs were not adequately engaging stakeholders in program adequately. The study recommended that PBOs should ensure they involve stakeholders to enhance commitment and ownership of the PBO programs and financial sustainability.
Open Access
Communication Challenges Experienced in The Process of Advocating Against Child Trafficking in Kenyan Primary Schools: The Case of Mathare Constituency
(Journal of Development Communication,, 2021) Kinuthia, Cyndi Wanjiku
In Sub-Saharan Africa, child trafficking is one of the leading criminal activities after drug trafficking. In Kenya, many cases of child trafficking especially for the purpose of sexual exploitation and domestic servitude are reported each year thus the need to publicly advocate against it and implement relevant laws that will address it accordingly. Guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), which theorises that motivation and ability are the key tenets of persuasion communication that ultimately plays a huge role in addressing common communication challenges, this study sought to find out the communication challenges usually encountered by individuals and organisations while advocating against this vice amongst primary school children. This is after preliminary studies indicated that as much advocacy indeed plays a huge role in addressing child trafficking in Kenya, this success is not without its challenges. A purposive sample of 16 facilitators was selected as per Yamane’s formula and the convergent parallel mixed methods design was used for data analysis. The study established that 93.7% of the facilitator respondents agreed to the fact that they indeed face a number of challenges as they attempt to advocate against child trafficking in primary schools of Mathare constituency. Furthermore, 75% of these respondents identified time constraint as the main challenge they face followed by lack of support from the school administration at 62.5%. Thus, the study concluded that it is very possible to have an advocacy programme that will end up being effective but faced by a number of communication challenges at the same time. However, this does not imply that such an initiative should be frowned upon and undermined because how these challenges are mitigated is what eventually provides solutions that will help in filling in the identified gaps.
Open Access
The Consequences of Taking Advantage of a Brothers' Misfortune
(Langham Publisher, 2020-01-01) Thuo, Peter Kamande
Open Access
The Construction of Feminine Psychology in Swahili Women’s Nuptial Poetry-Unyago
(Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 2017-03-20) Mwai, Wangari; Mwenje, Margaret; M’Raiji, John K.
This article examines the construction of feminine psychology in Swahili women nuptial poetry-unyago. Unyago poetry is composed and performed by Swahili women. Swahili is a community located along the coastal region of Kenya. This article, therefore, focuses on intersections between psychology and poetry in analyzing and describing how unyago poetry reveals the mindsets and emotions of Swahili women. Data for analysis in article is derived from research carried out among women of Swahili decent living at Kisumu using observation and in-depth interviews as data collection methods. Unyago poetry is viewed as confessions and revelations of the female self, the marriage institution and that of the marital partner. Worth noting is the fact that the women, whose ancestors originated from the coastal region of Kenya, have preserved the nuptial rituals and teachings therein across time and space. Through unyago, the women socialize their girls from children to women and is a deeply rooted practice in their philosophy, psychology, and culture of the Swahili people. Thus, this article contends that unyago is both a reflection of group and individual psychological reactions to cultural expression through poetry.
Open Access
Contributors to Students’ Use of Counselling Services in Kenyan Universities
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2016-09-01) Kamunyu, Ruth Njeri; Ndungo, Catherine; Wango, Geoffrey
Transition to university life can be stressful for all students. In mitigation, most universities including those in Kenya offer social support to students in form of counselling, financial assistance, health and academic support. Despite this it has been documented that only a minority of university students who experience psychological distress seek professional counselling. This paper looks at contributors to students’ use of counselling services in Kenyan universities. These are classified into four: the social and behavioural issues, academic issues, psychological issues and economic issues. The study applied descriptive survey research design guided by Person Centred and Social Learning Theories. Data was collected using questionnaires, in-depth interview schedules and Focus Group Discussions. The study findings indicate that both male and female students are faced with many counselling issues such as academic, psychological, social, personal, economic, health, physical, vocational and spiritual .It can be concluded that the threat to masculine ideology encourages males to have more positive attitude towards seeking help for academic issues and that female students seek social psychological counselling to help them gain understanding of root causes of their problems.
Open Access
CONTRIBUTORS TO STUDENTS’ USE OF COUNSELLING SERVICES IN KENYAN UNIVERSITIES
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2010) Kamunyu, Ruth N.; Ndungo, Catherine; Wango, Geoffrey
Transition to university life can be stressful for all students. In mitigation, most universities including those in Kenya offer social support to students in form of counselling, financial assistance, health and academic support. Despite this it has been documented that only a minority of university students who experience psychological distress seek professional counselling. This paper looks at contributors to students’ use of counselling services in Kenyan universities. These are classified into four: the social and behavioural issues, academic issues, psychological issues and economic issues. The study applied descriptive survey research design guided by Person Centred and Social Learning Theories. Data was collected using questionnaires, in-depth interview schedules and Focus Group Discussions. The study findings indicate that both male and female students are faced with many counselling issues such as academic, psychological, social, personal, economic, health, physical, vocational and spiritual. It can be concluded that the threat to masculine ideology encourages males to have more positive attitude towards seeking help for academic issues and that female students seek social psychological counselling to help them gain understanding of root causes of their problems.
Open Access
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION FOR YOUTH-LED FOOD SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION IN AFRICA
(Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Art, 2024-01-30) Rogito, Jeremiah
This paper examines the pivotal role of youth in transforming Africa's agri-food systems through creativity and innovation. With over 60% of its population under 25, Africa's youth are instrumental in driving agricultural advancement and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper discusses the challenges facing African agriculture, such as limited resource access and low technological adoption, and how young Africans are countering these through innovative solutions like climate-smart agriculture, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology. These technologies not only improve productivity and sustainability but are also vital in adapting to and mitigating the impacts of climate change. The paper highlights the importance of agritech startups in creating employment opportunities and enhancing supply chain efficiency. It emphasizes the need for supportive policy frameworks, including access to finance, educational integration of modern agricultural technologies, and establishment of agritech incubation centers. The transformative potential of these youth-led initiatives is significant for both food security and economic growth, marking a substantial shift towards a more resilient and prosperous African agriculture sector.
Open Access
Cultural Constraints Facing Table Banking Among Rural Women in Emurua Dikirr Sub-County, Narok County, Kenya
(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2019-09-01) Seurei, Joan Jelimo; Mavole, Johnson Nzau; Muhingi, Wilkins Ndege; Okuku, Michael Tedd
Despite being majority of the population globally and in the workforce, only a small per cent of women are considered wealthy. There have been milestones accomplished towards women economic empowerment, but women especially in the developing world still face a myriad of challenges especially in matters of financial inclusion. This study sought to examine the cultural constraints faced by women practicing table banking in Emurua Dikirr Sub-County, Narok County. The study focused on Emurua Dikirr, Narok County because of significantly high poverty levels in the community and the existence of deeply rooted cultural norms that are mostly biased against women and their economic empowerment. The study adopted concurrent mixed methods approach using both phenomenological (descriptive) and survey research designs. The study targeted a population of 1646 people, including women practicing table banking, staff from the social services department and JOYWO field officers. A sample size of 169 was drawn using purposive, snow ball and cluster sampling techniques. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data was then presented using percentages, pie charts, tables and graphs. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis where transcripts helped generate and present narratives. The study found out that 80% of the women in table banking are affected by cultural attitudes and beliefs. Majority of the women did not own any property or wealth. Land and other assets were solely under the custody of their husbands and male relatives. Others admitted to men controlling their loans and diverting them from the intended purpose. Additionally, the study revealed that income generation was an activity reserved for men in the family, thus women were not included in any financial conversations of the family thereby excluding them from meaningful participation in any business. The study concluded that women in Emurua Dikirr face a myriad of cultural attitudes that negatively affect their performance in table banking and generally their personal lives. The study recommended that men should be sensitized and educated on the important role women play in economic growth of a community and a nation, thus the need for them to play a part in household income generation. The study also recommended that national policies should be strictly enforced to ensure that women are not denied any right to property or wealth. Women should be allowed to own land and property in their name without necessarily the consent of a male figure-head.
Open Access
Current Alcohol Use and Mental Health of Adolescents Among Secondary School Students in Nakuru County, Kenya.
(Journal of special needs and disabilities studies, 2013-07) Oteyo, John S.; Mwenje, Margaret
Adolescents engage in behaviours that compromise their health and futurepotentials. However, these behaviours are preventable. The current study was designed to establish the association between current alcohol use and the mental health state of secondary school students in Nakuru County, Kenya. Multi-stage cluster, stratified proportionate and simple random samplingmethods were used to selectparticipating divisions (n=6), schools (n=14) and students (n=1000). Global School based Health Survey (GSHS) was used to collect data on health risk behaviours. Sixteen percent (n=161) of students reported use of alcohol 30 days prior to the survey and of these 23.6 (n=38) and 32.9% (n=53) reported a low state of mental health and had seriously considered attempting suicide.The study established that an alcohol drinker was 1.3 (95% C.I: 1.282-1.878) times likely to report a low state of mental health than an alcohol abstainer. A co-occurrence between adolescents' mental health and alcohol use provide an opportunity to draw together separate areas of research in designing a comprehensive approach that may promote better health and education outcomes in secondary schools.
Open Access
The demands of a changing society: English in education in Kenya today
(2001-03-01) Kioko, Angelina N.; Muthwii, Margaret J.
English plays a key role in Kenya's educational system, not only as an important subject but especially as the medium of instruction. It has been claimed that the model and the norm of the English used in Kenya, apart from pidgin varieties, is the British Standard variety and in particular, Received Pronunciation (RP) (Schmied, 1990; Zuengler, 1982). Is this indeed the case? If not, what are the actual norms of correctness and appropriateness with regard to pronunciation, grammar, semantics, or pragmatics within the Kenyan community? There exists a discrepancy between the theoretical norm and the actual language behaviour, what challenges does this state of affairs present to an education system that relies heavily on the use of the English language? In examining these issues the paper adopts a historical perspective and discusses the factors that indicate the presence of a discrepancy between a theoretical norm and the actual language behaviour and then explores the consequences of such a situation. It also considers the valuable lessons that could be learnt, firstly from local creative writers' adaptation to the sociolinguistic/sociocultural reality, secondly from the move towards the democratisation and Africanisation of education in Kenya's history, and thirdly from what is happening in other non-native English contexts
Open Access
Digital Cash Payment and Accessibility of Inua Jamii Cash Transfer Program in Matungulu Sub-County, Machakos County, Kenya
(The International Journal of Social and Development Concerns, 2020-11-01) Muhingi, Wilkins Ndege; Mavole, Johnson Nzau; Odera, Beatrice Akoth
This study examined digital functionality of Inua Jamii cash transfer dynamics in Matungulu Sub-county in Machakos County, Kenya. A concurrent mixed method was utilized, particularly descriptive survey and an exploratory research designs were used. Study respondents included Inua Jamii cash transfer program beneficiaries and service providers. Sample size of 365 was calculated from the Slovin’s formula (n = N / [1 + N (e)2]). Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and presented through verbatim. From the findings, it emerged that there weren’t adequate pay points in respondents’ area. This was indicated by 57.8% (193) of the respondents. Most of the respondents had to commute for a distance between 1 Km and 6Km before they could get to their preferred pay point. Majority of the respondents felt secure transacting through the digital modes of transfer as opposed to the conventional cash payment. It emerged from the study that cases of hijacking had reduced as a result of digitalization of cash transfer. In digital withdrawal, it was either the beneficiaries or someone they have entrusted with their password who could withdraw their monthly cash transfer funds from their accounts. From the findings, 72.3% (243) of the respondents involved in the study affirmed that their information was safe with the banks. This study concluded that digital cash transfer payment mode had greatly influenced the Inua Jamii cash transfer program with a majority of service users appreciating the technology which to a great extent had reduced some of the security risks experienced and time spent on withdrawal of the program funds. The study recommended the government to increase the amount of monthly cash given to the beneficiaries of CTP.
Open Access
Digital Literacy and Online Child Abuse among Primary School Children in Langata Sub-county, Nairobi City County in Kenya
(International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 2021-07-30) Muhingi, Wilkins Ndege; Mavole, Johnson Nzau; Nzau, Mumo
Kenya introduced Digischool to public primary schools to prepare children for today's digital world attracting a cyber-threat landscape. Utilising a descriptive crosssectional design within a concurrent mixed approach, the study examined the relationship between digital literacy intervention and online child abuse among primary school children in Langata sub-county. Targeted, were children between 9 and 17 years from private and public primary schools, teachers, parents and policy makers, and child protection officers. Godden¶s formula informed purposive and random sampling of 384 respondents, plus a 10% (423) respondents for Key Informant interviews and focused discussions. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis with the help of SPSS version 22 and Nvivo version 12 respectively. The study revealed stakeholders intervened in online child abuse at various levels using several strategies. The study revealed a significant relationship between the type of school and exposure online. Since the p-value (0.000) was less than alpha (0.05) and we conclude there was a significant relationship between the type of school and exposure to online child abuse. There is a need for systems thinking and a concerted multi-sectoral approach to the improvement of digital literacy hence protecting children online.