TD-Master Theses & Dissertations (MST)

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Open Access
Adaptive Leadership and Performance of Deposit Taking Microfinance Institutions in Nairobi County, Kenya
(PAC University, 2024-08-14) Joseph Opanda Namutala
The study investigated the effect of adaptive leadership on performance of Deposit Taking Microfinance Institutions (DTMFIs) in Nairobi County. In particular, the study set out to; determine the effect of situational challenges, adaptive leadership behavior, adaptive work, and emotional intelligence on the performance of Deposit Taking Microfinance Institutions in Nairobi County. The main theory that anchored the study was Adaptive leadership theory which was supported by organizational learning theory, balanced score card (BSC) model, and emotional intelligence theory. The study adopted the postpositivist philosophy. The research design was descriptive and explanatory with a target population of 298 senior, middle-level, and lower-level managers drawn from 12 Deposit Taking Microfinance Institutions in Nairobi County. Primary data was collected using a semistructured questionnaire from 102 out of 169 respondents selected from the target population. Descriptive analysis was done using mean, frequency and standard deviation while inferential analysis was done using correlation and regression analysis. The findings indicated that adaptive leadership had a positive and significant effect on the performance of DTMFIs. Further, it was established that situational challenges, adaptive leadership behavior, adaptive work, and emotional intelligence had positive and significant effect on the performance of DTMFIs in Nairobi County. The study concluded that adaptive leadership had a positive and statistically significant effect on the performance of DTMFIs in Nairobi County. The study therefore recommends that senior, middle-level, and lowerlevel managers should focus on various elements of adaptive leadership for improved performance of DTMFIs in Nairobi County. Further investigation can be done on adaptive work and emotional intelligence in different contexts to find out the consistency of its effect on performance
Open Access
Adolescents’ Attachment to God: A Case of the Anglican Church of Kenya in Roysambu Constituency, Nairobi, Kenya
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2017-10) Thiga, William Solomon Kiige
Based on attachment theory, the study sought to find how early parental child attachments influenced an adolescent attachment with God. The purpose of the study was to examine if there are any relationships between early parental child attachment styles, parental availability, parental emotional bond and parental proximity to a child and adolescent attachment to God. Participants for the study were drawn from the St. Peters’ Anglican church of Kenya (ACK) in Roysambu constituency, in Nairobi County and targeted the adolescent population in the Church. A sample size of 40 adolescents was targeted of which 37 responded. Using likert scales questionnaires, data was collected purposively and analysed quantitatively using Ms excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). A Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between parental child attachment and adolescents’ attachment to God. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the difference between adolescents’ attachment to God among the different parental gender proximity, parental emotional bond, and demonstration of attachment style by parents. Additionally, using the Attachment to God Inventory (AGI), the relationship between parent child attachment and attachment to God was explored among adolescents of St. Peter’s Anglican church, Roysambu in Nairobi. In addition, parental spirituality, attachment bonds and attachment styles emphasis were also investigated. Comparisons of the AGI with parent child attachment measures supported a correspondence between parental child attachment and adolescent attachment to God. The research findings underscore the importance of parental attachment bonds with positive influence to adolescent’s attachment to God. The research findings demonstrate the importance of parents as being attachment figures to their children as they help create images about God. The findings also demonstrate how parental attachment style, proximity, availability and emotional connectedness with their children influence their relationship with God.
Open Access
Adult Attachment Styles and Marital Conflict Resolution Styles among Couples in Nairobi,Kenya
(PAC University, 2022-05) Mburu, Lucy Wambui
Human beings have been shown to have styles that they employ in handling certain aspects of their relational lives. Specific categories of styles sometimes relate with each other under certain circumstances, affecting outcomes in relationships. There is a gap in research that this study sought to fill in showing how Adult Attachment Styles (AAS) and also certain demographic characteristics relate with the Marital Conflict Resolution Styles (MCRS)employed by couples in Nairobi, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: to find out the AAS of married individuals in Nairobi County, to investigate the marital conflict resolution styles employed by couples in Nairobi County, to establish how certain demographics influence the marital conflict resolution styles of couples, and to examine how the AAS relate with MCRS among couples in Nairobi County. This study was informed bythe attachment theory and Gottman’s marital conflict styles theory. The study adopted the correlation research design. Six CITAM assemblies that are located in Nairobi County were purposively selected for participation. The individuals that took part were selected using simple random and snowballing sampling methods. The quantitative data for finding out theAAS and marital conflict resolution styles was collected using the standardized questionnaires. Six semi-structured interviews were additionally conducted with pastors in charge of Family Care and Enrichment from the participating assemblies. Pearson correlation coefficient factor was used to determine the relationship between causes of conflicts, demographics and AAS, with marital conflict resolution styles. All tests of significance were computed at a significant level of 5% with the help of SPSS. The descriptive statistics used were percentages, mean and k-means non-hierarchical cluster analysis. The inferential statistics used were Chi-square test and ANOVA. The key findings of this study showed a significant association between AAS and marital conflict resolution styles. In addition, age, marital longevity, level of education, level of income, and the cause of a marital conflict had a significant influence on the marital conflict resolution styles of the respondents. Gender and occupation of participants showed no statistically significant influence on any of the marital conflict resolution styles in the study. These findings demonstrate that AAS and certain demographics have an influence on the marital conflict resolution styles that couples employ. Facilitators of premarital counseling classes, marriage therapists as well as pastors need to be aware of these influences while helping couples to handle conflicts constructively.
Open Access
All Things Work Together for Good for Those Who Love God.” A Grammatical-Historical Analysis of Romans 8:28
(PAC University, 2024-08-14) MAIANGUWA LIMAN MALAM YAYA
This research focuses on the interpretation based on an exegetical analysis of the text to discover the text's original intended meaning by the author. The analysis of the text is to discover the original intended meaning by the author for the first readers. To verify the concept of the original meaning intended, the research considers the literary context of Romans 8:28 for its correct interpretation. “All things work together for good for those who love God” in Romans 8:28, this statement is a major concern to be considered. The grammatical-historical approach (GHA) is the model used in this research. The complex nature of words in the syntax grammatical-historical approach causes difficulty in the interpretation of a biblical text because of the distance of time and space. The most important aspect of interpretation is the original intended meaning of a text. However, the practitioners are often concerned with what suits their church tradition and philosophies, not the text’s original intended meaning. For example, when a nominal Christian is sick because of drunkenness infections, or immoral sexual diseases, pastors use Romans 8:28 to comfort the church members during terrible times. When a believer is not qualified for an appointment, he or she misses the opportunity to be appointed, and this verse is applied. Another aspect is that the verse is often used wrongly when the exegetes want to achieve his goal or her goal; he or she applies it to irrelevant situations The analysis of these two clauses “we know to them that who love God” (Οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι τὸν θεὸν and “all things work together for good” (πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν), the researcher desires to interpret their concept of original meaning intended. The interpretation is in light of the text 8:28 and the literary context of Romans 8:18-36. In order to avoid fallacies or inerrancy interpretation and application of the text (scriptures) on the church in our current generation and even in the generation to come is a matter of concern in this thesis. The search finding affirmed that Rom 8:28 was an encouragement and strengthening to the suffering believers to persevere. Also, the true believers' suffering brings glory to God and blessings to the church of God as predestined by God
Open Access
An Evaluation of Youth Ministry in the Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA) Nigeria: A Case for Professionalism
(PAC University, 2024-08-14) Yusuf Obed Lewi
This study indicates that youth ministry in ECWA is not regarded as a distinct field that needs trained and qualified workers. The study explored the following questions: (1) what is the nature and structure of youth ministry in ECWA Nigeria? (2) What is the perception of youth ministry in ECWA Nigeria? (3) How can the professionalisation of the youth ministry enhance its perception and practice in ECWA Nigeria? To answer these questions, the study adopted Richard Osmer's (2008) practical theology framework and employed qualitative research methods to investigate the experiences of youth pastors in ECWA through in-depth, semistructured individual interviews. Following the literature reviewed and the data gathered from the ECWA youth pastors interviewed, the study revealed that professionalisation is essential in improving the perception and practice of youth ministry in ECWA. In that regard, three implications were discussed: first, ECWA needs to establish standards, minimum qualifications, and requirements for individuals who want to work as youth pastors to bridge the gap between the youth ministry perception and practice; second, to improve the perception of youth ministry, ECWA should make it mandatory for people who want to serve in youth ministry to undergo formal theological training that equips them with the necessary skills and knowledge; thirdly, to counter the negative perceptions surrounding youth ministry, ECWA should focus on raising awareness, education, and support for the significance of youth ministry through organised campaigns and communications. The study also offered seven recommendations with practical steps and strategic directions to translate the findings into action.
Open Access
Assessing Church Leadership Succession of the Redeemed Gospel Church
(PAC University, 2014-10) Kyengo, Peter
Open Access
Assessing the Impact of Political Leadership on Entrepreneurship Development in Nairobi County
(PAC University, 2014-10) Thuranira, Gideon
Open Access
An Assessment of the Effect of The Leadership Style on Divisions in The Church:Insights From Selected Pentecostal Assemblies of God in Bahati District
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2015-09) Shitemi, Seth Asava
From the historical account of divisions experienced by PAG church in Kenya. The church has disintegrated into nearly ten different denominations. This division is a symptom of problems in the church. The broad objective of the study was to make an assessment of the effect of leadership styles on divisions at PAG. The study sought to achieve the following specific objectives: to identify the causes of division in church from the perspective of leaders and members of local Assemblies in Bahati District; to establish the leadership styles practiced by church leaders as perceived by fellow leaders; to determine the relationship between perceived leadership styles and division in the church: to propose a model for effective Christian leadership for church unity. The researcher applied descriptive research design. Multi-stage sampling technique was used. A sample of 8 local Assemblies, representing 20% of the population size was targeted. Data was collected from a total of 48 respondents comprising of board members of the 8 local Assemblies using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using percentage frequencies as well as mean scores and correlation analysis.' The major findings showed that church property and finances were the leading causes of division in church, followed by leadership wrangles and church doctrine. Majority of the respondents identified charismatic leadership, servant leadership and democratic leadership styles as the dominant styles adopted by church leaders at PAG. The relationship between division in church and leadership styles was not statistically significant. Division at PAG was caused by poor financial stewardship. This manifest in disagreements associated with the management of church property and finances. The second leading cause of division at the church was perceived leadership wrangles by some church leaders that sow seeds of discord in the church. To some extent, division at the church is also caused by disagreement over doctrinal issues. However, church constitution did not cause division in the church. It was concluded that Church leaders at MG practiced a combination of three leadership styles. However, neither charismatic leadership. Democratic leadership, servant leadership nor political leadership styles was significantly related to division in the church. In order to consolidate the unity fostered by church leaders, it was proposed that Biblical Stewardship that puts emphasis on spiritual accountability be practiced as a model for effective Christian leadership for church unity and for stemming potential future divisions at Pentecostal Assemblies of God churches in Kenya. Further study was recommended on the area of corporate governance as a dimension of good stewardship.
Open Access
An Assessment of The Effectiveness of the Competitive Strategies by Commercial Banks: A Case of Equity Bank
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2016-03) Karitu, Beatrice Mulinge
Commercial banks in Kenya are facing stiff competition necessitating the design of competitive strategies to guarantee their performance. These commercial banks have to consider how to enter a market and then build and protect its competitive position. Banks begin to realize that no bank can offer all products and be the best or leading bank for all customers. Banks should therefore not only come up with strategies to counter the competition but also measure the effects of the combined strategies that they employed. This study sought to assess effectiveness of competitive strategies on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya with specific reference to Equity bank limited. The study population comprised of the employees of equity bank based at the head office in Nairobi. Structured questionnaires were administered to respondent's selected using stratified sampling technique. Primary data was obtained through the use of questionnaires, which had both structured and unstructured questions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics; the mean, mode, median and standard deviation. This was presented by the use of frequency tables, cumulative tables, percentages and ranks. These data was then presented by way of tables, bar charts and pie charts. The study assessed different competitive strategies used by Equity Bank. These include customer focus strategy, price strategy, differentiation strategy and innovation strategy.
Open Access
Assessment of the Factors That Influence the Development and Implementation of Strategic Plans in Kenya’s Higher Education Institutions: A Case of Kenyatta University and Pan Africa Christian University, Kenya
(PAC University, 2021-07-06) Njoroge, Martin Chege
Review of literature in strategic leadership indicates that many strategic plans are poorly developed and with relatively little success in their implementation hence presenting a research gap that needs to be investigated. The research reported in this thesis therefore sought to assess the factors that influence development and implementation of strategic plans in Kenyan universities, a case study of Kenyatta University (KU) and Pan Africa Christian (PAC) University. The independent variables were institutional leadership factors, stakeholder involvement and availability of financial resources, while the dependent variables were both development and implementation of strategic plans in the two universities. The study is anchored on Path Goal, Transformational Leadership and Open Systems theories. Being guided by Tromp and Ruben’s (2010) Strategic Planning in Higher Education Framework, the study used a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative in data collection, analysis and interpretation. Stratified random and purposive sampling techniques to arrive at the 56 participants from each University. A questionnaire was used in data collection for primary data and content analysis of the strategic plans in the two universities captured the secondary data. The questionnaires were administered using the online application KoBo Collect. The questionnaire was pre-tested to get feedback on whether the questions captured the expected data, and whether there was any ambiguity in the questions. The questionnaires were coded to ensure accountability of the number of questionnaires that were issued. They were edited for completeness, accuracy and consistency and the data inputted using SPSS version 24. Data analysis was done quantitatively using regression analysis to guide the testing of the hypotheses. Some aspects of the questionnaire that had open ended questions were categorized according to the thematic areas as they had been captured by the KoBo Collect at data collection stage. The main finding indicated that jointly, institutional leadership factors had the highest influence on the development of strategic plans in the two universities, followed by stakeholder involvement, then availability of financial resources. However, in the implementation of strategic plan at KU, availability of financial resources had the highest influence, followed by institutional leadership factors, then stakeholder involvement. At PAC University, institutional leadership factors had the highest influence on the implementation of the strategic plan, followed by stakeholder involvement, then availability of resources. The study recommends that university’s leadership should be committed to the strategic planning process right from the development up to the implementation of the same. Second, all key stakeholders should be included in the strategic planning process since their engagement is critical in ensuring its success. Third, universities should avail financial resources required for success of the development and implementation of the strategic plans to be realized. The study concludes that (i) leadership in a university is critical for the success of the development and implementation of strategic plan (ii) the voice of all stakeholders in a university matters during the development and implementation of strategic plan, and (iii) the success of the development and implementation of strategic plans requires the allocation and availability of adequate financial resources. When these three factors are considered, universities will have well developed and successfully implemented strategic plans.
Open Access
An Assessment on how Selected Spiritual Influence Servant Leadership in Biblical Counselling and Intercession Church in Dar es salaam Tanzania
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2015-10) Mgulu, Michael Peter
The purpose of this study is to assess how the spiritual disciplines (prayer, fasting, service, study, worship,) on servant leadership development. Many leaders are aware of spiritual disciplines, but not many of them utilize them in BCIC to influence their style of leadership. To achieve this, the study is guarded by the following objectives; to establish on how spiritual disciplines influence servant leadership, to identify the relationship between spiritual disciplines and servant leadership, examine the challenges facing servant leaders in practicing spiritual disciplines; and propose ways on how to minimize the identified challenges faced by the leaders in practicing spiritual disciplines in BCIC. The study was conducted in the selected BCIC branches of Mbagala Maji Meupe and Mbezi beach in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A mixed research (quantitative and qualitative) design was used to collect and analyze the data from the respondents. Purposive and random sampling procedures were used to draw the sample from the community and the church. The main methods used to collect the data were questionnaire and interview. Quantitative data was mainly analyzed by using SPSS while qualitative data by content analysis. The main findings suggest that there was a direct link between spiritual discipline and servant leadership. Accordingly, the findings indicate that the practice of spiritual discipline help toshape the servant leaders as indicated by the majority (97.1%) respondents. Further, the findings indicate that BCIC branches were not immune to the challenges that deter its effectiveness on practicing spiritual disciplines. The main challenges observed were time and financial barriers and inadequate knowledge among the church members. Finally, the study proposed more special seminar and training, mobilization of fund to enhance spiritual services and programs.
Open Access
A Biblical Restorative and Retributive Justice: The church and State Conflict Resolution Approach According to 1 Corinthians 6:1-11 with Application to the Rwandan Case
(PAC University, 2022-11) Gatete, Godfrey
his thesis is about a biblical restorative and retributive justice with reference to the church and state conflict resolution approach, according to 1 Corinthians 6:1-11. It seeks to identify biblical principles in 1 Corinthians 6: 1 – 11 that define the restorative and retributive justice approach to address conflicts and divisions within the church and the community. The study has two objectives, namely, to conduct an exegetical deductive study of 1 Corinthians 6: 1-11 and to set biblical guidelines that define the complementarity of the restorative justice with the retributive justice. In this thesis, the researcher argues that Paul’s model of church conflict resolution, as found in 1Corinthians 6:1-11, is appropriate for adopting the complementarity of the state retributive judicial justice system with the restorative justice approach. The study deductively analyses the text of 1 Corinthians 6: 1- 11 to suggest judiciary principles that can address the conflicts destroying the spiritual and social life of both the church and state. This uniquely offers a biblical retributive and restorative “Gacaca”, justice informed by biblical principles from the deductive exegetical analysis of 1 Corinthians 6: 1- 11. The study employs historical grammatical criticism method with some aspects from Socio-scientific criticism to understand the original message of the text in its ancient Jewish, Greco-Roman world context. Based on these methods, the study brings out underlying biblical principles used to resolve conflicts and divisions within the church and state. Accordingly, the study makes three recommendations, namely (1) conflict between two believers should be handled by the wise church members; (2) the concept of conflict resolution and management model and provision of retributive and restorative justice according to 1 Corinthians 6:1-11 is applicable and should be adopted to the church and state justice system; and (3) the church should intentionally disciple members to maturity from whom wise believers are identified and appointed to serve. These wise believers serve to administer equitable retributive and restorative justice to church members, based on biblical principles as derived from 1 Corinthians 6: 1- 11.This leads to the “Biblical Gacaca”, a judiciary system that embodies the retributive and restorative justice in the church and state
Open Access
Corporate Governance and Performance of National Government - Constituencies Development Fund in Kiambu County
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2017-10) Waiyaki, Isabel N
The introduction of National–Government Constituencies Development Fund (NG-CDF) had the aim of devolving resources to the remote areas of Kenya with an aim of eradicating poverty. There has been increased allocation of funds to the NG-CDFs. However, even with increased allocation, the performance of the NG-CDF has been below par with poor provision of public services in many NG-CDFs. There is a general perception by the public that NG-CDF institutions are not transparent, open, accountable and fair. There have also been instances of inability to account for funds in some constituencies. Despite this problem of poor performance and poor governance aspects, there’s no indepth study on the link between corporate governance practices and the performance of NG-CDF especially in Kiambu County. The study thus aimed at addressing this problem and filling this research gap. The objective was to determine the effect of corporate governance on the performance of the NG-CDF in Kiambu County. Secondary data, descriptive and explanatory research designs were used. The data was collected using a questionnaire with the fund account managers and/or NG-CDF board chairmen as the targeted respondents. The 12 NG-CDF institutions composed the population. Data was analysed using STATA statistical package and the model estimated was the random effects. The results indicated that accountability was positively related with NG-CDFs’ performance. Board effectiveness as represented by the board size was negatively related to the performance of the NG-CDF. The study recommends that NG-CDF national board and the NG-CDF institutions should ensure appropriate and timely auditing and realistic plans for the whole process starting with disbursement of funds. They also ought to determine reasonable low number of members in the board.
Open Access
Democratic Leadership and Performance of Youth-Owned Smes in Ruiru Constituency, Kiambu County, Kenya
(PAC University, 2021-07-06) Nyambura, Joseph Murimi
The notion that democratic leadership style is ideal for realizing the performance of SMEs has been promoted by a number of scholars. However, limited empirical research have been undertaken to validate such claims with respect to performance of youth owned SMEs in Ruiru Constituency. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of democratic leadership on performance of youth owned SMEs in Ruiru Constituency. This was broken down to four specific objectives: to explore the extent to which a consultative approach to leadership affects performance of youth owned SMEs in Ruiru Constituency; to determine the effect of participative approach to leadership on performance of youth owned SMEs in Ruiru Constituency; to determine the effect of shared responsibility on performance of youth owned SMEs in Ruiru Constituency; and, to determine whether sense of empowerment explains the relationship between democratic leadership and performance of youth-owned SMEs in Ruriu Constituency. The study was anchored on four theories: Democratic Leadership Theory, Participatory Leadership Theory, Empowering Leadership Theory and Balanced Scorecard Theory. A combination of both explanatory and descriptive research designs were used. The target population was based on 572 people who were members of 36 youth owned enterprises which received loans from the Youth Enterprise Development Fund. A sample of 86 participants was selected using stratified sampling method. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha test yielded reliability coefficients above 0.7. Data was analyzed by generating the mean, standard deviation and percentage frequencies of the dataset. Hypotheses were tested using correlation and regression analysis. Results showed that the overall mean score for the practice of democratic leadership on a 5-point scale was moderately high. Consultative leadership was positively and significantly correlated to member satisfaction but not to profitability. Overall, consultative leadership accounted for 5.2 percent of the variability in performance of youth owned SMEs in Ruiru Constituency but this effect was statistically insignificant. Participative leadership was positively and significantly correlated to member satisfaction but not profitability. Participative leadership accounted for 1.4 percent of the variance in overall SME performance, which was not statistically significant. The composite score of shared responsibility was neither significantly correlated to profitability of SMEs nor to member satisfaction rating. Shared responsibility explained 0.7 percent of the variability in overall SME performance, which was not statistically significant. Democratic leadership was significantly correlated to sense of empowerment. However, neither democratic leadership nor sense of empowerment was significantly correlated to the aggregate measure of SME performance. While there was no statistically significant indirect effect of democratic leadership on member satisfaction through sense of empowerment, there was a statistically significant direct effect of democratic leadership on member satisfaction. The practical implication of these results is that democratic leadership has more value for the achievement of non- financial objectives like member satisfaction and enhanced sense of empowerment and ownership. A study should be done to establish the conditions under which a high sense of empowerment translate into superior performance for youth owned SMEs.
Open Access
Demstyfying Conflict and Collaboration in Nairobi's Pentecostal MegaChurches;Implications for Church Leaders
(PAC University, 2014-10) Manyonge O.Bernard
Open Access
Determination of the Leadership Systems and Structures Employed at the Kijiji Informal Settlement, Mugumoini Ward, Nairobi County
(Pacuniversity, 2021-07-06) Mbugua, Harold W.
The purpose of this study was to determine the leadership systems and structures employed at the Kijiji informal settlement, Mugumoini Ward, Nairobi County. Specifically: to determine the leadership structures in operation at the Kijiji informal settlement; to examine the social infrastructure in operation at the informal settlement; to establish the challenges faced by the residents and to establish the challenges faced by the local leaders at the informal settlement.Cross-sectional research design was adopted. The study targeted all the 2000 dwellers of the Kijiji informal settlement. The size of the sample was calculated using the procedure outlined by fisher et al. (1991) which resulted in 75 respondents. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the respondents. A questionnaire tool and an interview guide were used to collect the required information. The return rate was 100 percent. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to draw the findings. Content analyses were to examine the themes from the qualitative information. It was established that two sets of administration and leadership structures existed at the informal settlement; formal and informal systems. The formal structure comprised of the chief, assistant chief, regular and administration police. The informal administration and leadership structure existed parallel to the formal system. It comprised of the village chairman who was the ultimate leader and village elders who were in charge of every 10 households (“nyumba kumi”) within the informal settlement. The politically elected member of county assembly was actively involved towards improving the welfare of Kijiji informal settlement. However, his support benefitted only a few of the residents who were his political supporters. Many challenges within the informal settlement required leadership interventions.These include: access to government services, safe and clean drinking water, accessibility of food, waste disposal, health care and security. Recommendations were that the various units within the formal and the informal leadership structures at the Kijiji informal settlement improve on coordination and capacity through training and requisite resourcing in order to improve on the maintenance of law and order. Further research is suggested on the effect of the informal settlement at Kijiji on the leadership and administration of the neighbouring residential estates and that of the constituency.
Open Access
The Effect of School Mission Statement on Student Academic Performance : A Study of Secondary Schools in Wakiso District, Uganda
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2017-10) Barasa, Mercy Chemutai
A stated mission is essential to the leadership of a school institution as it provides a strategic basis for all of its decisions, policies, and activities. The study sought to determine the effect of the school mission statement on student academic performance in Wakiso District, Uganda. The literature reviewed showed that a key characteristic of effective schools is the possession of a clear and focused school mission. A descriptive research design was adopted in which a mixed methods design was applied to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The sample consisted of 69 secondary schools which were categorized as high, middle, and low-performing according to their performance in the 2016 Uganda Certificate of Examinations. The study revealed 13 major themes in the mission statements of the schools. It was found that the mission statements of high-performing schools focused more on academic excellence, knowledge and skill acquisition, and social responsibility while those of middleperforming schools focused more on religion and quality education, and those of lowperforming schools focused on self-reliance and holistic education. From the findings of the study it was concluded that the effect of the mission statement on the academic performance of students was indirect through values imbued in the students, supportive infrastructure, and co-curricular activities. Based on the research findings, the researcher recommended that all schools increase implementation of their mission statements and periodically review it with the participation of stakeholders. The researcher proposed that a study be done into the methods of implementation of the mission statement in exemplary schools. The researcher also suggested that research be done into the effect of the school mission on school culture.
Open Access
The Effect of Change Management Practices on The Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning at the United Nations office, Nairobi
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2017-09) Mundanya, Flevian
Application of change management practices to strategy implementation processes has become critical to achieve success. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation results in major changes in the organization, which touch on the strategy, structure, systems, software, skills, style and shared values of the organization. Empirical studies have exposed conceptual gaps in that whereas they acknowledge that change management practices are vital for strategy implementation, few studies have researched on the effect of change management practices on ERP implementation. Moreover, the context of non-governmental organizations in relation to change management and ERP has not been sufficiently researched. Existing studies have small sample sizes, hence limiting the inferences made by the researchers, considering that ERP touches across the entire organization. These gaps necessitated the current study which sought to answer the question: “what is the effect of change management practices on the implementation of ERP at the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON)?” The study was anchored on three change management theoretical frameworks namely: the Kurt Lewin’s theory of change management; McKinsey’s Seven ‘S’ framework and Kotter’s eight (8) step change management theory. The broad objective of the study was to determine the effect of change management practices on ERP implementation at UNON. Primary data was collected through a census, by sending questionnaires electronically to 146 staff of the division of conference services in UNON. There was a response rate of 87% and the collected data was summarized using the mean and standard deviation as the descriptive statistics. For inferential statistics, Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used. The findings indicate a significant statistical relationship between the independent and dependent variables. This study therefore concluded that strategic vision, strategic leadership, communication and staff empowerment all have positive significant relationships with ERP implementation. It was further found that staff empowerment had the strongest positive correlation with ERP implementation. The findings of the study are expected to guide both managers in their day to day operations and policy makers to make more informed decisions. They are also expected to build on the body of knowledge in relation to the concepts of change management practices and ERP implementation. This study recommended that future studies could seek to examine change management from the perspective of staff empowerment to understand how various measures of staff empowerment can affect the success of ERP implementation.
Open Access
The Effect of Organizational Restructuring on Performance of the National Social Security Fund (NSSF), Kenya
(Pan Africa Christian University, 2020-10) Gatuku, Nancy Wanjiku
Open Access
Effect of Parenting Styles on Adolescents’ Identity Styles: A Case of Selected Public Secondary Schools in Westlands Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya.
(PAC University, 2024-08-14) Elizabeth Wangeshi M. Njenga
Adolescence is a crucial period marked by significant psychological and social development, particularly in identity formation. Berzonsky’s identity model suggests each individual employs different identity styles and each style can have implications on psychological well-being and adjustment. One influential factor in this process is parenting style, which encompasses parental behaviors, attitudes, and strategies in child-rearing. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting and parental attachment on adolescents’ identity styles. Baumarind’s theory of parenting styles and Berzonsky’s identity styles model anchored the study. The research was a quantitative study with descriptive data acquired via survey methodology. The sample size was 408 male and female participants, aged between 15 and 19. The data collection instruments used were questionnaires; Perceived Parenting Styles Scale used to measure parenting styles, the Inventory of Parents and Peers Attachment (IPPA) used to measure parental attachment and Identity Styles Inventory (ISI-5) used to measure Identity styles. The mean, standard deviation, and range of scores for all independent and dependent variables were calculated using descriptive statistics. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to measure association between variables, and assumptions of regression analysis was done prior to regression analysis to check for its suitability. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between variables. IBM SPSS Version 28 was used to analyse the data. The results indicated that normative (β = 0.220, p = 0.000) and informative (β = 0.096, p = 0.048) identity styles and authoritative parenting styles were positively correlated. The diffuse avoidant identity style was positively and significantly correlated with authoritarian parenting styles (β = 0.144, p = 0.002). Only the diffuse avoidant identity style was considerably enhanced by permissive parenting (β = 0.217, p = 0.000). Parental attachment to normative identity styles (β = -0.128, p = 0.000) and informative identity styles (β = 0.091, p = 0.001) were found to have a positive and significant association. The study implications are that effective parenting styles can be adopted to help adolescents develop and make better and informed decisions. These results could be useful to youth workers, family therapists, parents and caregivers, by providing insight into the psychological processes underlying adolescent decision-making. No harm was inflicted while conducting the research because all ethical guidelines were observed. Participants in the research consented to participate, and confidentiality was upheld.