Journals & Articles (JA)

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Open Access
Advocacy Communication and The Child Trafficking Situation in Kenya: The Case of Mathare Constituency Primary Schools
(International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2020) Kinuthia, Cyndi; Mbogoh, B; Komen, L
Child trafficking is one of the leading crimes in Kenya. The purpose of this study therefore was to look at the efficacy of advocacy communication when it comes to addressing the complications of child trafficking in society. The study focus was Mathare constituency in Nairobi County. This is because there are many child trafficking cases from Mathare constituency that have been reported over the years causing a number of humanitarian organizations, who work with schools and community groups, to step in and address the issue. A purposive sample of 240 teacher respondents and 16 facilitators was selected as per Yamane’s formula while convergent parallel mixed methods design was used for data collection and analysis. The study established that videos and pictorials were the most popular advocacy methods used, with a 100 percent respondent rate while 98 percent observed that through advocacy humanitarian organizations were making a difference in countering child trafficking. The study established also that all (100%) of the facilitators agreed that the stakeholders directly involved with children did contribute to the fight against child trafficking. The study concluded that integrated communication was adopted by facilitators and that the advocacy communication methods used were effective. The study recommends involvement of key stakeholders’ right from the planning stage for effectiveness. A recommendation of the study is that further investigations be done from the viewpoints of the children, parents and the local administration.
Open Access
Affective Commitment: A Comparative Study across Variant Units and Ranks of the National Police Service, Kenya
(International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2020-05) Mbugua, Charles
Many researches on organizational leadership of security services lack attention on organizational commitment, and by extension on its key dimension: affective commitment. Similarly studies on the National Police Service of Kenya have majorly focused on corruption, ignoring the critical place of affective commitment: the construct which reflectsthe extent to which employees are emotionally attached to the organization. This study was then carried out to identify the perception levels of affective commitment across the units and ranks of National Police Service, Kenya. Analysis revealed an overall low level of affective commitment (mean= 2.806) with the middle rank range of sergeant to senior sergeant having the highest level (mean= 2.843). From the findings,the service then needs to adopt an organizational leadership practice that focuses on enhancing affective commitment across its units and ranks, if officers are to offer quality service in line with the envisaged vision.
Open Access
African Democratic Education Revisited
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Chiroma, Jane Adhiambo
Open Access
Agricultural Biotechnology in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2022) Kiambi, Dionysious; Midega, Charles; Ochieng, Joel W.; ; Rege, John Edward Otieno; Sones, Keith
Agriculture supports the livelihoods of most households in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and makes significant contribution to national economies, especially in countries that are not dependent on mineral wealth. The region is home to more than 950 million people and is projected to reach 2.1 billion by 2050. Although agriculture accounts for about 23% of the region’s total gross domestic product, the full potential of the agriculture sector in SSA is yet to be exploited. Food insecurity on the continent has been increasing since 2014: in 2019, 250 million people in SSA were undernourished, and the coronavirus pandemic has likely pushed tens of millions more into food insecurity. Climate change will exacerbate existing threats to food security and agriculture-based livelihoods. Africa’s 33 million smallholder farmers depend on rainfed agriculture and are especially vulnerable to impacts of climate change. Unlike other regions of the world, where yields have increased substantially over recent decades, yields have stagnated in SSA. The African Union’s target of 6% annual agricultural productivity growth will require substantial policy support and investment in agricultural technologies, including biotechnology. With the exception of South Africa, most SSA countries continue to question whether agricultural biotechnology is a good investment.
Open Access
An Empirical Analysis of the Moderating Effect of Organizational Context on the Relationship between Leadership Process and Effectiveness of Freight Forwarding Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 2024-04) Ndonye, Davies Mutuku; Wandiga, Dr. Eunice Ngina; Odiyo, Dr. Wilson J. O.
Highly competitive and fast shifting market conditions require business enterprises to possess superior organizational capabilities for success. Previous studies have identified persistent challenges including leadership processes and complex work environments as constraints to organizational success. The freight forwarding sector in Kenya grapples with challenges related to high operational costs, poor co-ordination, and rapid developments in information technology and related insecurity. Literature on organizational leadership has neither addressed nor empirically tested the dimensions of gauging effectiveness of freight forwarding firms. Specifically, there is lack of empirical investigation linking organizational context with leadership process and effectiveness of freight forwarding firms. This study sought to investigate the moderating effect of organizational context on the relationship between leadership process (tactical, strategic, and situational influence) and effectiveness of freight forwarding firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Through a mixed methods approach, the study adopted explanatory sequential design anchored on the Balanced Score Card model, Institutional Theory and Structuralism Theory. Target population was 400 freight forwarding firms practicing in Nairobi City County, from which 276 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires with a response rate of 84% while qualitative data was collected from 10 key informants through in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics used were frequencies, means and standard deviation, while regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. Qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Results established that organizational context has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between leadership process and firm effectiveness. With leadership process viewed through input > processing > output logic, the external environment provides streams of opportunities in terms of inputs, which firms can harness to create competitive advantage and effectiveness. Findings demonstrated the link between leadership process, organizational context, and effectiveness. Management should entrench effective leadership process through active deployment of appropriate influence strategies to generate key capabilities and conducive work contexts. Government policies should promote collaborative approaches among supply chain partners. The study recommends future research to expand the conceptual, methodological, and contextual scope for more representative conclusions.
Open Access
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON MICRO AND SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE CHARACTERISTICS WHICH INFLUENCE ACCESS TO BUSINESS LOANS
(Review of Business and Technology Research, 2019) Banu, Fazeela; Bore, Magdalene
The development of any economy requires financial services especially credit services. Saving facilities are also key in the generation of a start capital for small business. Many financial institutions have tried to bring the money lending business and services closer to the customers but the rate of taking loans among the micro and small enterprises owners has not been as per the expectation with many business owners preferring the informal money lending institutions than the convectional banks or microfinance institutions. The study explored the Micro and Small business Characteristics which influenced the access to loans by the enterprise owners form money lending institutions. The study was guided by the following study objective; - To determine the Micro and Small enterprise characteristics which influence business loans access in a case study of Gikomba Market. The study was carried out in Nairobi biggest open market Gikomba. The study used descriptive research design and a sample size of 370 business owners since the market has over 10,000 business owners. The target population was divided into strata of wholesalers, retailers, service delivery and restaurants. The sampled respondents were selected randomly from each strata giving all the participants equal opportunity of participation. Data collection was done through questionnaire and interview guides. The gathered data was analyzed and presented in pie charts and frequency distribution tables and conclusion and recommendations were made based on the analyzed data.
Open Access
Analysis of the Spoken English Used by Teachers in Kenyan Primary School Classrooms: Phonological and Grammatical Variations
(Science and Education Publishing, 2017) Njoroge, Martin C.
The research reported in this paper identifies and describes phonological and grammatical variations in the English spoken by teachers at Kenyan primary school level, correlates the variations observed with the teachers’ amount of education completed in the English language and discusses pedagogical implications of the emergent patterns. First, the results indicate that the teacher’s spoken English varies from the British standard variety - the model of correctness at all the education tiers in Kenya - and second, that the amount of education a speaker has completed in the English language significantly influences language variability. The findings imply that if more primary school teachers were to receive further exposure to English grammar and phonology through the continuing education programs available in Kenyan universities, their spoken English would then vary less from the standard English and international mutual intelligibility would be improved.
Open Access
Antisocial Behaviours that are More Prevalent Among Children with Complicated Grief in Selected Public Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya
(EdinBurg Peer Reviewed Journals and Books Publishers Journal of Sociology, Psychology & Religious Studies, 2024-06) Omucheni, Priscillah Ndunge; Mwenje, Margaret; Kamunyu, Ruth
The inability of children to comprehend and process death due to factors like chronological age, attachment of the child to the deceased, nature of death, and family support, might lead to delayed or prolonged grief processes resulting in complicated grief (CG). Complicated grief in a child’s life can affect his/her social and cognitive functioning manifesting in antisocial behaviours. This study aimed to find out antisocial behaviours that are more prevalent among children with complicated grief in selected public primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was guided by Attachment Theory. Multistage sampling, purposive sampling, inclusion, and exclusion criteria were used to select 259 pupils aged 10-13 years who had lost a loved one in the last year. Purposive sampling was also used to select 22 class teachers of the bereaved pupils who participated in the study. The study employed a convergent mixed-method design. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires (SDQ, ICG, and STAB) and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 25.0. The findings indicated that the most prevalent antisocial behaviour was social aggression with an aggregated mean of 3.01. The findings indicated that antisocial behaviours were common among children with CG as well as those without. The most prevalent antisocial behaviour among children who had lost a loved one was social aggression. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should introduce a school-based counseling program incorporating grief intervention techniques and recommend trained counselors who do not double up as teachers to be school counselors to negate dual relationships. Public Primary schools are encouraged to develop several training programs to help teachers understand how to intervene and foster resiliency in their students who have experienced grief.
Open Access
Application of Songs in the Teaching of Swahili Grammar
(2018-05-14) Njoroge, Martin C.; Gathigia, Moses G.
Background: Songs are instruments that enhance pedagogy of diversity. Songs are appreciated for their pedagogical, cultural, linguistic and entertaining features. Songs also enhance students’ receptivity and help students understand the target language. However, empirical research examining the effects of songs as used in children’s classrooms remains scarce. In addition, despite their benefits, teachers in many educational settings in Africa have relegated songs to mainly recreation and entertainment part. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the value of songs as a medium of teaching Swahili tense, lexis and negation. Theoretical Orientation: The study is anchored on the Affective Filter Hypothesis in Stephen Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition as an explanation of its practical applicability to English language teaching and learning. Design, Sample and Methods: The study was carried out from a qualitative perspective. The Kiswahili song “Mchikicho” was purposively sampled to illustrate how songs can be applied in the teaching of vocabulary, tense and negation in Kiswahili. The study also conducted interviews with two linguists in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the application of songs in the acquisition of Swahili tense, lexis and negation. The interviews and notes arising from the analysis of the Swahili song were transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: The findings of the study indicate that songs reinforce the teaching of Swahili tense, lexis and negation. In addition, the study found that that songs which are simple, short, interesting, memorable, enjoyable, assist in the teaching of vocabulary, tenses and negation in Swahili. Conclusions: The study concludes that songs are viable vehicles for teaching Swahili tense, lexis and negation. In addition, when complemented by songs, classroom instruction become enjoyable and interesting, promoting a deeper level of learning.
Open Access
Assessing climate change vulnerability and its effects on food security: Testing a new toolkit in Tanzania
(CGIAR, 2015-06-19) Ulrichs, M.; Cannon, T.; Etten, Jacob van; Morimoto, Y.; Yumbya, J.; Kongola, E.; Said, S.; van de Gevel, J.; Newsham, A.; Marshall, M.; Kabululu, S.; Kiambi, D. K.; Nyamongo, D.; Fadda, C.
The working paper presents a new toolkit for the implementation of a participatory vulnerability assessment (PVA) in rural localities, by introducing the methodology, as well as the findings, from a pilot study in Sokoine (Zepisa, Hombolo Ward) in Tanzania. It is based on a participatory methodological approach and follows a multidimensional conceptualisation of social vulnerability to climate change. The methodology is designed to equip project implementers who have limited resources to assess the occurrence and consequences of climate impacts on local livelihood strategies and food systems. It will assist them in understanding local views on how climate change may affect them, what kind of coping strategies are already in place and how their adaptive capacity can be enhanced through measures that are tailored to the profiles of different local groups.
Open Access
Assessment of Critical Thinking Skills among Secondary School Learners in Kenya: A Comparative Study of Public Secondary Schools in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties
(Educational Research International, 2017-08) Githui, P.; Njoka, J. N.; Mwenje, M.
This paper evaluates critical thinking skills among learners in public secondary schools in Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The research was guided by the Cognitive Development Theory, postulated by Jean Piaget as its theoretical framework. The target population comprised of form three students from the selected schools in the two counties. Schools were stratified into boys, girls and co-educational. A sample of schools from the two counties was selected using Kothari sampling formula which gave 30 (10%) schools from both counties. The sampled schools were as follows; 2 boys’ schools from each county, 3 and 2 girls’, 4 and 17 co-educational schools from Nyeri and Nairobi Counties respectively. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire administered to the sampled students. The study used a sampling formula by Kathuri and Pals to determine the sample size which yielded 376 respondents. The results of the study on a scale of 1 to 5, showed that learners from Nairobi County had relatively better critical thinking skills with a mean of 3.31 while Nyeri County scored 2.85. It had been hypothesized that there was no significant difference in critical thinking abilities between learners in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties, to establish thus, t-test was calculated which gave a p-value of .000 against the α-value of .05, the null hypothesis was thus rejected. It was concluded that the difference in critical thinking among students in Nairobi and Nyeri Counties was statistically significant. The study further sought to find out if there were statistically significant differences between students’ critical thinking skills from single gender and co-educational schools. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was computed. From the results, it was evident that there were statistically significant differences in the critical thinking skills of students from in the different school categories. The computed P- value = 0.010 was more than the alpha value α < 0.05. Therefore the null hypothesis was rejected and concluded that the critical thinking abilities among students in the three categories of schools were dissimilar. It was therefore concluded that there is need to strengthen critical thinking skills among students in according to county and school category in order to inculcate good citizenship, problem solving, high levels of academic performance, conflict resolution mechanisms among all secondary school students in Kenya
Open Access
Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Structure of Sudanese Sorghum Accessions using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSRs) Markers
(2017-01-24) Gamar, Yasir A.; Kiambi, Dan; Kairichi, Mercy; Kyallo, Martina; Elgada, Mohamed H.
95 sorghum accessions (1,425 individuals) sampled represented most of crop- cultivated areas in Sudan. The genetic diversity and population structure was assessed using a panel of 39 SSRs marker, which covered the sorghum genome. Genotypic data was generated using the ABI 3730 genetic analyzer. The alleles were called and sized using GeneMapper software version 3.7. The molecular data analysis software’s PowerMarker v3.25, DARwin 5, and GenAIEx 6.5x were used to calculate the different diversity indices within and between populations. A total of 332 alleles were detected, with an average of 8.5 per marker pair. The gene diversity averaged at 0.6671. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values averaged of 0.68 showing the highly polymorphic and discriminatory nature of the selected markers. The accessions showed lower mean of observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.187) than the expected heterozygosity (He = 0.547). AMOVA calculated low variants among populations (1%), and moderate variants within individuals (20%). However, variants among individuals were relatively high within population (79%). The fixation indexes showed little genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.008, P = 0.012). However, in the total population high level of inbreeding (FIS = 0.802, P = 0.001) was exhibited with deviation from Hardy-Weinberg proportions (FIT = 0.804, P = 0.001). Neighbor joining rooted phylogeny tree based on genetic similarity coefficient revealed three distinct groups independent of their geographic origins clustering close to each other; groups also have sub-groups. The study estimated genetic diversity and structure of Sudanese sorghum accessions.
Open Access
Assessment of Parental Involvement in Home-Based Learning Activities in Public Primary Schools: A Case of Children in early Years of Learning in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties, Kenya
(International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge, 2020-01) Mwenje, M.; Githui, P.; Mwarari, C.
The importance of parental involvement in home-based educational activities of their children cannot be gain said. This is because when parents are involved in educational activities of their children, an instructional extension is formed between the school and the home setting and this also facilitates modeling of behaviours that position children to appreciate the purpose of education as they attempt to imitate the behaviours depicted by the parent. Additionally, parental involvement helps in enhancing the child’s confidence, motivation, mental health, self-esteem, communication skills and interest in education as a worthy undertaking. However, despite these perceived benefits there are concerns that parents are not strongly involved in home learning activities of their children. This study assessed the extent of parental involvement in home-based learning activities in early years of learning in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties, Kenya. The target population consisted of parents in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties who had children enrolled in the early years of learning (pre-primary school to grade 3), currently under the Competency Based Curriculum (CBC). The sample size was determined using the Krejie and Morgan (1971) sampling formula which yielded 384 respondents who were equally distributed in the 8 sampled counties. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire and the responses obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aide of the computer software SPSS version 20. The study established that parental involvement in home-based learning activities of their children was weak and there were no statistically significant differences in the involvement of male and female parents. The study further revealed that the higher the level of the parents’ education level the more involved they were in education activities of their children. The study recommended that stakeholders in education should join hands and sensitize parents on the need for greater involvement in home based educational activities for their children.
Open Access
An Assessment of the Theme of Grace and Law in the Antitheses in Matthew 5:21–48: Implications on the Disciple-making Process
(PACU, 2020-12-15) Moenga, Micah Onserio
A reading of the Antitheses in Matthew’s Gospel record (Matthew 5:21–48) leaves one to wonder whether the demands put upon Jesus’ disciples are practically possible. This study seeks to respond to the following research questions: What function does the theme of grace and law play in the disciple-making process? How does the theme of grace and law influence the life of a disciple? The study responds to the above questions by analyzing the theme of grace and law in Matthew 5:21–48. It argues that the Antitheses follow the scheme of grace and law which is an overall theme of the Sermon on the Mount. This is to say that the demands put on Jesus’ disciples are not dependent upon their human effort but the divine empowerment to do the demands of the law. The study utilizes a hermeneutical method of socio-rhetorical interpretation of Matthew 5:17–48 and shows the implications of the theme of grace and law on the disciple-making process. The study consists of three sections. The first is a general introduction to the theme of grace and law in Matthew, and particularly in Matthew 5:21–48. The second section analyzes Jesus’ interpretation of the OT law and its implications on disciple-making. Finally, the third section is a summary and conclusion of the theme of grace and law in the disciple-making process. It reveals that the disciple of Jesus, by entering into a cooperative journey with God in following Jesus, manifests the distinctive Christian lifestyle.
Open Access
Barriers to Sexual and Reproductive Health Education on Students' Sexual Behavior in Secondary Schools in Lugari District, Kenya.
(Journal of Research and Innovation, 2014) Mayabi, J.M.; Kariuki, M.; Mwenje, Margaret
Reproductive health education is a key strategy for promoting good sexual behavior among students. The study sought to establish barriers to sexual and reproductive health education on students sexual behavior in secondary schools in Likuyani division of Lugari district, Kenya. The study utilized a descriptive survey research design and targeted form two students in six selected schools in the area. A total of 241 stiudents and 30 teachers formed the study sample. Data was collected using two questionnaires, one for students and another for teachers. The questionaires were considered reliable after yielding a cronbachs coefficient of 0.70. Data collected was analysed using both Descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Computer Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17. The study findings confirm that policy and programmatic gaps exists in addressing the RHE needs of the students. This is attributed to lack of clear guidelines on how to address the RHE needs of students, challenges of dealing with students' RHE in general as well as cultural constraints. The study therefore recommended the need for clear guidelines on dealing with RHE of students in schools; demystify the cultural beliefs and attitudes towards sex and reproductive education that hinder the implementation and providing training and reorientation of RHE providers. The findings of the study will assist all stakeholders, who will include ministry of education, health and the general public in appreciating the value of reproductive health education, in changing students sexual behavior.
Open Access
Beyond The Buzz: How PR Drives Organizational Profitability
(2025-09-30) Anthony Taiti
Open Access
Challenges Counselors Face in Effecting School Counseling Programs for Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Kiambu County, Kenya
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELLING, 2021-03-01) Gachenia, Lucy; Mwenje, Margaret
School counseling is intended to help students overcome problems, which usually mitigate their academic performance in schools. Helping students adjust emotionally, physically, mentally, and socially enhances good academic performance. In achieving this goal of counseling especially in schools, the government has previously committed resources towards establishing counseling programs in schools. However, the reality on the ground is that there are few established counseling programs as well as few counselors to implement the said programs and this has posed a challenge to the counsellors in their effort to offer counseling to assist students to enhance their academic achievement. The aim of the study was to establish the challenges counselors face in affecting school counseling programs for academic achievement of secondary school students in Kiambu County. The objective of the study was to find out if counsellors faced challenges while offering to counsel for academic achievement. To achieve this objective the study used primary data collected from a sample of 80 secondary school-age going students from 8 schools, 8 counselors, and 8 academic deans of students from the sampled schools. The study was qualitatively done and self-determination theory was used to guide the study. Findings indicated that counselors encountered personal and professional challenges in the course of their counseling duties. For personal challenges, all counsellors (100%) reported having a difficult time balancing between teaching and counseling, all counselors (100%) noted they had insufficient time for counseling since little time was set aside in the school programs for counseling, (63%) said they had no specific rooms dedicated for counseling students, (63%) felt that the big number of students seeking counseling was a challenge while 100% stated dual relationship as a tough challenge. In regard to professional challenges, (100%) of the counsellors stated that none was compensated for extra counseling duties, (75%) had insufficient skills in academic counseling, (50%) had little support from subject teachers and from parents, 100% indicated little support from school administrators, 100% cited increased workload, 100%, lack of formal recognition from Teachers Service Commission that employs teachers and 50% felt that counselors inclusivity in school discipline committee posed a challenge. The study concluded that school counseling programs are commendable because they increase students’ academic achievement. However the study has established that school counselors should be equipped with appropriate counseling skills, their workload should be reduced and that school administration should encourage greater cooperation between teacher counselors and other members of staff as well as with parents and guardians, in order to make the counselors effort more productive. Further studies should be conducted to investigate how the school administration can be actively involved in supporting counseling programs in schools.
Open Access
Childhood theology and implications for pedagogy
(Nathan Chiroma, 17-02-22) Chiroma, Nathan H.; Chiroma, Jane A.
This article argues for a childhood theology informed by systematic theology, which enabled the researcher to mould the concepts of childhood theology to understand in order to use it. Child theology has been a neglected study in most African scholarship. Systematic theology guided the analysis of data as objectively as possible and contributed to the development of a childhood theology model that best accounts for all the data, showing that how childhood theology can be constructed in the African setting. The philosophy of Christian education aided the analysis of childhood theology and to assess the pedagogical relevance towards maximising a child’s potential in learning. Considerations of African theological perspectives, western perspectives and biblical evidence for childhood theology are explored to configure its significance to African childhood theology and the implications for pedagogical practices that are holistic, God-centred and transformative.
Open Access
Christian Assurance and Crippling Introspection
(Testamentum Imperium, 2009) Chiroma, Nathan H.
This paper discusses the idea of Christian assurance and crippling introspection. It is quite common for Christians to look back at their supposed time of salvation and because they did not have some dynamic emotional experience wonder whether they were genuinely saved. Furthermore, the various uncertainties in life often make believers to question the factuality of their assurance. It is true that abeliever does experience problems, tragedies, dejection, discouragement and sometimes even depression; and this makes him or her to wonder if he or she is still saved. This paper argues that Christian assurance is based on God’s character, on God’s promises, and on the completed work of Christ on the cross; hence and encouragement to the believer to forge ahead in the Christian race. The paper also highlights the need for perseverance in the midst of crippling introspection.
Open Access
The Christian Lifestyle for Christ’s Servants: An Exegesis of 1 Peter 2:11-17
(PACU, 2021-05-20) Moenga, Micah Onserio
This article seeks to address the subject of living a distinctively Christian lifestyle for Christ’s servants. It responds to the following question: What does the Bible teach about the Christian lifestyle and its cost? Inevitably, a distinctively Christian lifestyle comes with a cost, that is, of suffering for the sake of Christ. For instance, the first epistle of the apostle Peter addresses the subject of the suffering of Christians as one of the distinctive aspects of a Christian lifestyle (1Peter 1:7). The apostle Peter, however, demonstrates that suffering for the sake of Christ is inevitable for Christ’s servants and is part of their calling (2:21). The words “suffering”, and “testing” occur frequently in the epistle. For instance, the apostle indicates that the sufferings of Christ were predicted by the Old Testament prophets (1:11) and that they were both redemptive and exemplary (2:21-24; 3:18). Redemptive, in that the resurrection and glory that ensued for Him (1:3, 21) spell secure salvation for His people (1:5); exemplary, in that Christians must share both the shame and glory of Christ (4:13). Hence, suffering for Christians is within God’s will (3:17; 4:19). This article is an exegetical analysis of 1 Peter 2:11-17 to extricate the Christian lifestyle expected by Christ’s servants. The article proposes the applicability of the message in the contemporary church context and the society at large. It argues that Christ’s servants are expected to lead a distinctive lifestyle as witnesses of Christ.