JA-School of Leadership, Business & Technology

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Open Access
Affective Commitment: A Comparative Study across Variant Units and Ranks of the National Police Service, Kenya
(International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2020-05) Mbugua, Charles
Many researches on organizational leadership of security services lack attention on organizational commitment, and by extension on its key dimension: affective commitment. Similarly studies on the National Police Service of Kenya have majorly focused on corruption, ignoring the critical place of affective commitment: the construct which reflectsthe extent to which employees are emotionally attached to the organization. This study was then carried out to identify the perception levels of affective commitment across the units and ranks of National Police Service, Kenya. Analysis revealed an overall low level of affective commitment (mean= 2.806) with the middle rank range of sergeant to senior sergeant having the highest level (mean= 2.843). From the findings,the service then needs to adopt an organizational leadership practice that focuses on enhancing affective commitment across its units and ranks, if officers are to offer quality service in line with the envisaged vision.
Open Access
An Empirical Analysis of the Moderating Effect of Organizational Context on the Relationship between Leadership Process and Effectiveness of Freight Forwarding Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 2024-04) Ndonye, Davies Mutuku; Wandiga, Dr. Eunice Ngina; Odiyo, Dr. Wilson J. O.
Highly competitive and fast shifting market conditions require business enterprises to possess superior organizational capabilities for success. Previous studies have identified persistent challenges including leadership processes and complex work environments as constraints to organizational success. The freight forwarding sector in Kenya grapples with challenges related to high operational costs, poor co-ordination, and rapid developments in information technology and related insecurity. Literature on organizational leadership has neither addressed nor empirically tested the dimensions of gauging effectiveness of freight forwarding firms. Specifically, there is lack of empirical investigation linking organizational context with leadership process and effectiveness of freight forwarding firms. This study sought to investigate the moderating effect of organizational context on the relationship between leadership process (tactical, strategic, and situational influence) and effectiveness of freight forwarding firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Through a mixed methods approach, the study adopted explanatory sequential design anchored on the Balanced Score Card model, Institutional Theory and Structuralism Theory. Target population was 400 freight forwarding firms practicing in Nairobi City County, from which 276 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires with a response rate of 84% while qualitative data was collected from 10 key informants through in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics used were frequencies, means and standard deviation, while regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. Qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Results established that organizational context has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between leadership process and firm effectiveness. With leadership process viewed through input > processing > output logic, the external environment provides streams of opportunities in terms of inputs, which firms can harness to create competitive advantage and effectiveness. Findings demonstrated the link between leadership process, organizational context, and effectiveness. Management should entrench effective leadership process through active deployment of appropriate influence strategies to generate key capabilities and conducive work contexts. Government policies should promote collaborative approaches among supply chain partners. The study recommends future research to expand the conceptual, methodological, and contextual scope for more representative conclusions.
Open Access
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON MICRO AND SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE CHARACTERISTICS WHICH INFLUENCE ACCESS TO BUSINESS LOANS
(Review of Business and Technology Research, 2019) Banu, Fazeela; Bore, Magdalene
The development of any economy requires financial services especially credit services. Saving facilities are also key in the generation of a start capital for small business. Many financial institutions have tried to bring the money lending business and services closer to the customers but the rate of taking loans among the micro and small enterprises owners has not been as per the expectation with many business owners preferring the informal money lending institutions than the convectional banks or microfinance institutions. The study explored the Micro and Small business Characteristics which influenced the access to loans by the enterprise owners form money lending institutions. The study was guided by the following study objective; - To determine the Micro and Small enterprise characteristics which influence business loans access in a case study of Gikomba Market. The study was carried out in Nairobi biggest open market Gikomba. The study used descriptive research design and a sample size of 370 business owners since the market has over 10,000 business owners. The target population was divided into strata of wholesalers, retailers, service delivery and restaurants. The sampled respondents were selected randomly from each strata giving all the participants equal opportunity of participation. Data collection was done through questionnaire and interview guides. The gathered data was analyzed and presented in pie charts and frequency distribution tables and conclusion and recommendations were made based on the analyzed data.
Open Access
Coaching of Leaders as a Strategy for Succession in the Evangelical Movement. A case of Nairobi Chapel.
(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2021-05) Mang’eli, Sammy Kent; Msabah, Anzuruni Barnabe; Kibuthu, Isaac
Succession planning within the church movements has been an issue of interest to Christians, because of the weight with which spiritual leadership is viewed. The pattern of leadership development and succession observed globally in most contemporary Pentecostal movements and churches has been characterized as dynastic succession. The study sought to asses coaching as a leadership development strategy and its effect on succession in Evangelical churches. The case study was Nairobi Chapel (NC) church that had embarked on a strategy of planting 300 churches by the year 2020. The research applied mixed methods approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The study was descriptive in design with a target population of 108 Nairobi Chapel churches from which the study sample was drawn using a non-probability sampling technique. The data was analyzed using STATA and Microsoft Excel packages and the findings presented in table and narrative forms. Consequently, the effectiveness of the coaching programme was rated as not effective in succession planning at NC. Therefore, coaching and succession planning was identified as critical to the overall NC strategic plans. There was also little evidence of the existence of a clearly laid down succession strategy for positions within NC.
Open Access
Collaborative Leadership and its Influence in Building and Sustaining Successful Cross-Functional Relationships in Organizations in Kenya.
(IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 2021-08-28) Ang’ana, Gilbert A.; Chiroma, Jane Adhiambo
Due to the current business and workplace complexities caused by the pandemic and diverse competition in the marketplace, organizations today are faced with many challenges more so in developing concerted shared values to get the most out of their employees and stakeholders more than ever before. This paper aims to investigate the influence of collaborative leadership in building and sustaining cross-functional relationships in organizations in Kenya by critically reviewing, integrating, and summarizing the theories and models within collaborative leadership. These theories play a significant role in developing the understanding of how organizations can successfully create interpersonal relationships and cross-functional collaborations. This interpretive, hermeneutic qualitative paper reviews and discusses three major theories and models that relate to collaborative leadership practice based on secondary data to deduce collaborative leadership principles relevant for organizations. The study reviewed articles ranging from the year 2000 to date from seven leadership journals with search criteria as collaborative leadership, and collaborative theories. The three theories highlighted are, the Three Needs Theory, the Theory of Negotiated Order, and the Clear Leadership Model. The study proposes three critical collaborative leadership dimensions that aim to help organization leaders be successful in developing cross-functional collaborative relationships and partnerships: leading self, dedication to the “we”, and authentic engagement. The study also highlights that leaders must be able to facilitate productive relationships between employees by listening, understanding their impact, and have an open-minded attitude; handle the complexity of partnerships of different levels with ease, and have the patience to deal with very high levels of frustration by taking calm approach. This study highlights that if collaborative principles deduced from the theories and models are well understood, assimilated, and applied by leaders, their organizations would build solid cross-functional collaborative governance structures, establish clear operations and behaviors that will result in successful partnerships and collaborations at all levels.
Open Access
COLLABORATIVE LEADERSHIP AND PERFORMANCE: DOES ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMISM MATTER?
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2023-12-06) Ang'ana, G. A; Ongeti , W. J; Chiroma, J. A
The study delved into the relationship between environmental dynamism, collaborative leadership, and the performance of organizations and examined the moderating role of environmental dynamism on the link between collaborative leadership and performance. Based on a stratified random sample of insurance companies in Kenya and a Likert-style questionnaire survey involving 217 managers, two hypothesized models linking environmental dynamism, collaborative leadership, and performance were generated and tested quantitatively. The analysis involved descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Findings indicated that overall, environmental dynamism does not significantly moderate organizational performance. However, the results indicated that internal and external environmental dynamism individually influence the relationship between collaborative leadership and performance. These results highlighted the importance for organizational leaders to acknowledge the impact of internal and external environmental changes on their organization's performance. Additionally, they underscore the pivotal role of collaborative leadership in enhancing leaders' abilities to sustain performance. The paper contributes valuable insights by emphasizing that environmental dynamism and collaborative leadership profoundly shape organizational performance
Open Access
Collaborative Leadership and Performance: Towards Development of a New Theoretical Model
(Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2023-11-21) Ang’ana, Gilbert A.; Ongeti, Dr. Walter J.
Contemporary research places significant emphasis on the vital role of collaborative leadership (CL) in addressing the recurring performance challenges faced by organizations. Despite ongoing discussions regarding the primary factors contributing to these challenges, leadership remains a central concern in scholarly discourse. This study aimed to explore the influence of CL on the performance of organizations. Employing an interpretivist research paradigm and qualitative research design, the research used a phenomenological approach to explore the perceptions and experiences of chief executive officers (CEOs) in insurance companies in Kenya. The study conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 11 CEOs between May and August 2023. Thematic analysis revealed three core CL themes and 16 associated sub-themes. The findings underscore the positive influence of CL on various aspects of performance. This research offers a comprehensive understanding of CL in organizations, contributing to knowledge and practice by proposing a model for enhancing CL in insurance companies.
Open Access
Conceptualizing and Measuring Collaborative Leadership in an Organizational Context
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 2023-11) Ang'ana, Gilbert Atuto; Ongeti, Dr. Walter Juma; Chiroma, Dr. Jane Adhiambo
This study conceptualizes and investigates the impact of collaborative leadership on the performance of organizations by assessing authentic relationships, leaders' behaviour, and top echelons' support as indicators. Through a quantitative approach employing a questionnaire survey with 217 managers from insurance companies in Kenya, the research used Likert-style questions to gauge perceptions of these collaborative leadership factors and their correlation with performance. Analyzing the data involved descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Findings revealed that authentic relationships, leaders' behaviour, and top echelons significantly and positively impact the performance of these organizations, with top echelons' support being the most influential. Additionally, a combined measure of collaborative leadership encompassing all three variables showed a notable significant and positive impact on performance. The study underscores the significance of fostering employees' mutual understanding and respect within organizations, emphasizing their role in establishing a robust foundation for authentic relationships. These insights offer practical guidance for leaders and managers in organizations, aiming to elevate organizational performance by applying collaborative leadership principles.
Open Access
Contemporary Techniques for IS project Risk Management
(2020) Obiria, P. B.
Managing risks in modern businesses is a taxing venture that demand informed strategy for competitive advantage. While risks are inevitable in any IS projects, mitigatingtheir adverse effectsis the aim of all risk managers. A soapbox of mechanisms exist in actualizing effective risk management.Nonetheless, with the dynamic technological change,there isa constant emergenceof new risks hence necessitating newermethods to manage them.This study endeavours to critically review contemporary techniques for IS project management,
Open Access
Contributions of Negotiated Democracy and Transformational Leadership in Devolved Systems in Kenya: A Research Agenda
(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2021-01-01) Daud, Yussuf M.
This paper reviews the extant conceptual and theoretical literatures on negotiated democracy and transformational leadership with a view of identifying its contribution on community development in devolved governance in Kenya. The introduction of devolved systems in country and regions previously marked by communal conflict, chronic insecurity, re-current shocks, marginalization and poverty underscores the need to assess elder-led negotiated democracy and transformational leadership and their contribution to community development. The level of development in a country are determined by the type and quality of leadership. Africa’s and by extension Kenya’s developmental failures are largely because of ineffective leadership, corruption, low public participation in political dispensation, ethnicity, weak institutional and governance structures. Negotiated democracy and transformational leadership plays a pivotal role in political and socio-economic agenda, democratic governance, conflict resolution in ethically divided communities, and development of the community and the Country. The paper summarizes the existing theoretical and conceptual knowledge gaps and proposes a theoretical model that will guide conducting of an empirical study.
Open Access
Credible and Authentic Leadership Development in Organizations
(Science Journal of Business and Management, 2022-03-12) Muthiani, Ben Muli
Leadership practice that is founded on values is the new order in contemporary organizations that operate under complex and dynamic environments. The survival of such organizations requires the review of classical leadership theories and the adoption of newer approaches that have heightened the demand for effective leadership. Leaders’ misdeeds such as those witnessed in Enron and WorldCom, hypocrisy in the pulpit, infidelity in the family unit, politics of deceit, and so on have dented the leader’s image and the followers have lost the confidence they had in them. These developments justify the need to embrace authentic and credible leadership as an alternative leadership approach to rebuild followers’ trust and sustain operations of the organizations. The principles of authenticity and credibility are more critical than ever before in the restoration of confidence to followers where credibility has waned. It is on this basis that this qualitative study was undertaken to understand authentic and credible leadership development. The objective of the study was to identify how credibility and authenticity relate and the values and qualities that leaders perceive as important for defining credible and authentic leaders. The study adopted a qualitative research design. Three congregants from a Baptist church located in Nairobi city, Kenya were interviewed for their views about leadership, differences between authenticity and credibility, qualities of credible leaders, how credible leadership can be developed, outcomes of credible leadership, and the followers’ role incredible leadership development. The findings resonated with what is known in literature and in theory. The qualities that were found to define credible leaders included being forward-looking, visionary, compassionate, supportive, good listener, having integrity, being firm, being fair, and acting as role models. The fear instilled by leaders to the followers was found to be an impediment to the followers to effectively play their oversight role. The conclusion drawn was that credibility is a must-have tool for leaders to meaningfully engage their followers with a view to providing solutions to the problems faced at the workplace and addressing their needs. It smoothens the relationship and provides an enabling environment where leaders and followers can freely engage.
Open Access
The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) Formation in Leadership Effectiveness
(International Leadership Journal, 2020-05-01) Kariuki, Josphat K.
A trivariate relationship between self-efficacy, leader–member exchange (LMX), and leadership effectiveness was established by eliciting the key traits of some supervisors and subordinate staff through open-ended interviews. A literature review verifies that self efficacy is central to leadership. Associated concepts such as self-awareness, self motivation, internal and external loci of control, and emotional intelligence are also investigated in this research. Their relationship with LMX behaviors and interactions between the leader and the followers are mapped. Individuals high in self-efficacy are seen to be high in LMX quality, resulting in effective leadership. This article contributes to the existing leadership knowledge with the finding that leaders and followers high in self efficacy have high-quality LMX, and therefore, a more effective leadership process between them.
Open Access
EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS ON STRATEGIC POSITIONING OF KENYA’S TOURISM SECTOR
(International Journal of Business Management & Finance 3(2): 275-290, 2020, 2020) Muindi, MUTHAMA Arnold; NDETO, Dr. Magdalene
Strategic positioning is concerned with critical decisions that determine the brand and corporate image of a firm in the market place; including the types of segments sand benefits that are targeted. Hence, positioning is defined as strategy that focuses on identifying and directing resources in a particular market segment. In respect to segmentation –based strategic positioning, firms respond to demands by coming up with strategies that are different compared to other market segments. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of technology innovations on strategic positioning of Kenya’s tourism sector. The study adopted descriptive research method. The target population of comprised of 363 employees working in the headquarters of the 10 parastatals in the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife. The study used simple random sampling in the selection of 190 staff. This study used both primary and secondary data. Secondary data was obtained from the annual reports in 10 parastatals in Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife. Questionnaire was used to collect primary data (both qualitative and quantitative data). Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and the outcomes were presented in continuous or prose form. Analysis of quantitative data focused on descriptive and inferential statistics through the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS ver. 22). A pilot study was conducted in Tourism Regulatory Authority. Descriptive statistics entailed computation or calculation of mean, percentage, standard deviation and frequency. Inferential statistics focused on regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Person correlation analysis was used to determine the strength of relationship between elements under investigation. Regression analysis determined the existing relationship between variable under investigation. The results were presented in table and figures. The study established that technological innovation has significant effect on the strategic positioning of Kenya’s tourism sector. The study recommends that the tourism sector should use a computerized system to accelerate and improve decision making, optimize internal business process and increase operational efficiency. In addition, the study recommends that the tourism sector should leverage visual media, paid ad campaigns and identify keep moments on booking journey so as to effectively show case Kenya tourist attraction sites.
Open Access
Effects of Organizational Resource Portfolio on the Performance of Africa Inland Church Theological Training Institutions in Kenya
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2021-05-01) Munyao, Solomon. M
Although organizations are started for the purpose of achieving some set objectives, this is not always the case with performance being cited as one of the challenges facing them today. Theological training institutions that are affiliated to Africa Inland Church have not been spared from this challenge of under-performance. Some of the areas that these theological training institutions have not performed well are in the declining number of students joining them and lack of reward system for both students and employees. Other challenges are lack of resources such declining financial support from donors besides lack of information technology infrastructure. This study was anchored on organizational resource portfolio which is an aspect of strategic leadership theory to determine its effects on organizational performance in Africa Inland Church theological training institutions in Kenya. Data was collected using both open and closed ended questionnaires from 219 management members, employees and third year students of Africa Inland Church theological training institutions in Kenya. The study made use of experimental research design while respondents were sampled using multi-stage sampling technique. The study established that organizational resource portfolio had a negative correlation with organizational performance (R=-0.145, p>.01) and contributed to 2.1 percent of the performance in Africa Inland Church theological training institutions in Kenya.
Open Access
Effects of Self-Regulation on Organization Leadership in Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya
(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2020-02) Kamaru, Clement Nganga
Open Access
Effects of Strategic Leadership on the Performance of Africa Inland Church Theological Training Institutions in Kenya
(International Journal of Research Publications, 2021-01-01) Munyao, Solomon. M.
In the recent past, some organizations have either collapsed or are on the verge of collapsing after they had failed to achieve their desired results. The result has been declining financial support, poor utilization of physical resources, and a culture that does not support organizational growth and development. One of the factors that has contributed to the poor performance of these organizations has been lack of strategic leaders. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the effects of strategic leadership on the performance of Africa Inland Church theological training institutions in Kenya. Data was collected using both open and closed ended questionnaires from 219 management members, employees and third year students of A.I.C theological training institutions in Kenya. The study made use of experimental research study design while respondents were sampled using multi-stage sampling technique. The study established that strategic leadership had a positive correlation with organizational performance (R=0.242, p<.01) and contributed to 5.9 percent of the performance in Africa Inland theological training institutions in Kenya.
Open Access
Emotional Intelligence: Does Emotional Intelligence Scores Differ in Variant Nursing Leadership Levels?
(International Journal of Current Aspects, 2019-08-01) Njoroge, Rachel W.; Oginde, David; Agusioma, Nickson L.
In the recent past Emotional intelligence has evoked a lot of attention in leadership. While intelligence quotient and technical skills contribute considerably to leadership, emotional intelligence is the gold standard for leadership. This study explores the differences in emotional intelligence scores between the mid-level managers and of the team leaders. Therefore, a quantitative approach was adopted. Correlational study design was employed to explore the emotional intelligence scores between the two levels of leadership in a private city hospital. An adopted seven- Likert scale emotional intelligent inventory; self-administered tool was used in data collection from the two groups of leaders. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the two groups was generated and correlated, and the standard deviation was identified. The findings of the study demonstrated that the mid-level managers demonstrated higher levels of emotional intelligence score in some facets like flexibility with a standard deviation of 38.1, and optimism with a standard deviation of 17.7. On the contrary, the team leaders demonstrated higher emotional intelligence score on emotional self-control with a standard deviation of 2.1 and an initiative with a standard deviation of 3.5. The conclusion was drawn that, in deed, emotional intelligence is a valuable construct in leadership. The senior leaders had higher emotional intelligence scores than the junior leaders. There is need for further study using variant triangulated tools to measure emotional intelligence comprehensively.
Open Access
Evaluation of Peer Assistance among Academic Staff of Universities in Kenya
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), 2018-02) Ndeto, Magdalene; Mwania, Paul
The paper evaluates the extent to which peer assistance is practiced in learning institutions in a case study of universities in Kenya. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the extent to which academic staff in universities share the acquired knowledge through peer assistance. The study was carried out in the charted universities as the unit of analysis and the heads of departments has the unit of observation. A sample size of 179 heads of departments was selected and data was collected from 155 respondents. The data was collected by use of questionnaires. The study established that peer assistance was taking place in universities although 59% the academic staff were unwilling to share the acquired knowledge. Unwillingness to share knowledge and lack of structured peer assistance among the academic staff were the leading challenges to the low level of peer assistance in universities. The study recommends creating an awareness of the importance of peer assistance in the learning institutions.
Open Access
Examining Emergency Remote Teaching Using the Community of Inquiry Framework: Lecturer Experiences in a Kenyan University
(International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, 2021-01) Chiroma, Jane Adhiambo
The COVID-19 global pandemic has forced many universities worldwide to switch from face-to-face classes to emergency remote teaching (ERT) to allow students to continue learning. Using the community of inquiry framework, this study aimed to examine a group of lecturers’ experiences of ERT at a university in Kenya. The study was conducted using a qualitative case study design within an interpretive paradigm. Ten lecturers were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that these lecturers had established teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence to enhance students’ learning experiences during the time they engaged in ERT. The community of inquiry was found to be a useful framework by the researchers for lecturers to use in order to rethink, organize, and guide ERT at the university, which was the site of the study. This study has practical implications for course designers, researchers, and students at universities and other educational institutions concerning curriculum re-design using a CoI as a framework.
Open Access
Examining the Relationship Amongst Transformational Leadership, Talent Management, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Review of Literature
(American Journal of Leadership and Governance, 2021-01-01) Magambo, Joshua K.
Purpose: With the growing need to compete in a globalize world alongside conflicting and competing interest, transformational leadership has resulted in mixed outcomes. A vast number of studies have been conducted to explore the impact of transformational leadership on talent management and organizational effectiveness. Methodology: This study employed desktop research methodology to critically review literature on the phenomenon with aim of highlighting empirical as well as contextual gaps in extant literature and proposing an integrated conceptual model that links transformational leadership to talent management and organizational effectiveness. This is done while highlighting the role of organizational context and phase of development on the phenomenon. Findings: The study found that transformational leadership is central to talent management and organizational effectiveness. Although transformational leadership has a positive impact on talent management, which results in organizational effectiveness, a need to include other variables that affect the relationship such as the organizational context and phase of development was identified. Unique Contribution and Recommendation: The study recommends that organizations should embrace transformational leadership style to achieve organizational effectiveness. Further, the study recommend talent management practice should be a core concern of leaders who intend to realize faster and sustainable organizational effectiveness.